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    Glossary Glands

    specialized organs that produce and release various substances

    Glands are specialized organs in the body that produce and release substances such as hormones, enzymes, or other fluids. They can be classified into two main types: endocrine glands, which release their products directly into the bloodstream (like the thyroid gland), and exocrine glands, which release their products through ducts to the outside of the body or into a body cavity (like sweat glands).

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    1. Identification of Stem Cell Populations in Sweat Glands and Ducts Reveals Roles in Homeostasis and Wound Repair Cell · 2012 · 265 citations
    2. Glandular metaplasia of hair follicles and other responses to vitamin A excess in cultures of rodent skin Development · 1968 · 77 citations
    3. Endogenous retinoids in the hair follicle and sebaceous gland Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · 2011 · 50 citations
    4. Meibomian gland changes in the rhino (hrrhhrrh) mouse. PubMed · 1988 · 48 citations
    5. Aging in the sebaceous gland Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2022 · 36 citations
    6. Development, Structure, and Keratin Expression in <i>C57BL/6J</i> Mouse Eccrine Glands Veterinary pathology · 2011 · 29 citations
    7. Autofluorescence as a Signal to Sort Developing Glandular Trichomes by Flow Cytometry Frontiers in Plant Science · 2016 · 26 citations
    8. Retinoic Acid and Mouse Skin Morphogenesis. II. Role of Epidermal Competence in Hair Glandular Metaplasia Developmental Biology · 1994 · 16 citations
    9. Mechanisms of Submucosal Gland Morphogenesis in the Airway Novartis Foundation Symposium · 2002 · 9 citations
    10. The Morphological Basis of vicuña wool: Skin and gland structure in Vicugna vicugna (Molina 1782) Small ruminant research · 2016 · 4 citations
    11. Combined oral contraceptives promote androgen receptor and oestrogen receptor alpha upregulation in the female prostate (Skene’s paraurethral glands) of adult gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) Reproduction, Fertility and Development · 2018 · 3 citations
    12. A cross-sectional observational study showing sebaceous glands differences between psoriatic alopecia and alopecia areata JAAD International · 2024 · 2 citations
    13. 0932 Spatiotemporal gradient of mesenchymal stiffness controls sweat gland morphogenesis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2026
    14. 439 Gradients of Mesenchymal Stiffness Control Sweat Gland Cell Fate Specification During Morphogenesis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    15. Comparative Characterization of Human Meibomian Glands, Free Sebaceous Glands, and Hair-Associated Sebaceous Glands Based on Biomarkers, Analysis of Secretion Composition, and Gland Morphology International journal of molecular sciences · 2024
    16. Distinct stem cells contribute to mammary gland development and maintenance Nature · 2011 · 721 citations
    17. Acne and sebaceous gland function Clinics in dermatology · 2004 · 463 citations
    18. The Role of Sebaceous Gland Activity and Scalp Microfloral Metabolism in the Etiology of Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2005 · 241 citations
    19. Glycerol Regulates Stratum Corneum Hydration in Sebaceous Gland Deficient (Asebia) Mice Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2003 · 216 citations
    20. Homeostatic Control of Sebaceous Glands by Innate Lymphoid Cells Regulates Commensal Bacteria Equilibrium Cell · 2019 · 181 citations
    21. Functional salivary gland regeneration by transplantation of a bioengineered organ germ Nature Communications · 2013 · 165 citations
    22. Human Eccrine Sweat Gland Cells Can Reconstitute a Stratified Epidermis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2010 · 103 citations
    23. Beyond acne: Current aspects of sebaceous gland biology and function Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · 2016 · 97 citations
    24. Sericin hydrogels promote skin wound healing with effective regeneration of hair follicles and sebaceous glands after complete loss of epidermis and dermis Biomaterials Science · 2018 · 84 citations
    25. Hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenocortical tumor or nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal gland in ferrets: 50 cases (1987-1991) Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 1993 · 83 citations
    26. Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Markers for Human Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands: An Aid for Histopathologic Differentiation of Sweat Gland Tumors Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2001 · 73 citations
    27. Sebaceous Gland Atrophy in Psoriasis: An Explanation for Psoriatic Alopecia? Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2016 · 69 citations
    28. Risk factors for sebaceous gland diseases and their relationship to gastrointestinal dysfunction in Han adolescents The Journal of Dermatology · 2008 · 66 citations
    29. Using bioprinting and spheroid culture to create a skin model with sweat glands and hair follicles Burns & Trauma · 2021 · 65 citations
    30. Importance of Sebaceous Glands in Cutaneous Penetration of an Antiandrogen: Target Effect of Liposomes Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 1997 · 62 citations