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Metformin improves early signs of heart disease in women with PCOS and raises apelin levels, but doesn't significantly change artery thickness.

Stress in hair follicle cells increases certain immune-related proteins, which might contribute to hair loss conditions.

North American ginseng extract helped regrow hair in balding mice.

Vitiligo is a skin condition causing white spots, more common in women, often starts before age 20, and can affect mental health.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

Eph receptors and ephrins may be promising targets for treating diseases, but more understanding is needed for effective and safe therapies.

Women look young for their age due to larger lips, less sun damage, and genes that prevent gray hair and wrinkles.

Different types of skin cells have unique genetic markers that affect how likely they are to spread cancer.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Eating less sugar, milk, and saturated fats and more vegetables and fish may help treat and prevent acne.

Animal models have helped understand hair loss from alopecia areata and find new treatments.

Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia may help us understand hair follicle stem cell disorders and suggest new treatments.

New treatments for Alopecia Areata, like JAK inhibitors, show promise for hair regrowth and are likely to change future treatment approaches.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Topical drugs and near-infrared light therapy show potential for treating alopecia.

Both ruxolitinib and tofacitinib are effective and safe for treating severe alopecia areata, but relapses are common.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.

The document concludes that while there are various treatments for Alopecia Areata, there is no cure, and individualized treatment plans are essential due to varying effectiveness.

Tofacitinib was effective in treating hair loss in two patients with alopecia universalis.

The guide explains how to identify and treat children's hair loss, including fungal infections, autoimmune disorders, hairstyle changes, self-correcting conditions, and behavioral therapy for hair-pulling.

Genes and hormones cause hair loss, with four genes contributing equally.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are a key factor in causing hair loss in alopecia areata and could help differentiate it from other hair loss conditions.

Early and personalized treatment for hair loss in young people is crucial to prevent permanent damage and should include psychological support.

Young girls whose mothers have PCOS may have higher activity of a specific enzyme that could lead to developing PCOS later.

DHT's role in hair loss is important, but measuring its level for diagnosis is questionable.

Hair disorders are caused by a complex mix of biology, genetics, hormones, and environmental factors, affecting hair growth and leading to conditions like alopecia.

Ancient Chinese goats evolved cashmere-producing traits due to selective breeding, particularly in genes affecting hair growth.

Ozone therapy might improve cancer treatment and reduce its side effects.