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This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.

This study observed that higher childhood fluoride exposure was associated with delayed pubertal development in Mexican boys aged 10-17, with no significant effects found in girls.

This study found that boys in Mexico City with selenium intake below the recommended dietary allowance had lower odds of progressing to advanced stages of pubertal development, while no association was observed in girls.

This study found that prenatal exposure to fluoride and lead, as well as maternal micronutrient intake, may influence sexual maturation in adolescents in a sex-specific manner.

Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.

This review describes how recent discoveries in genetic defects and alternative pathways in androgen biosynthesis are reshaping our understanding of male sexual differentiation, but it presents no new clinical findings.

This review explores disorders of sex development, emphasizing the need for a systematic, multidisciplinary approach and the benefits of genetic testing for better diagnosis and gender assignment planning, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This study demonstrated that high oral doses of finasteride caused external genital abnormalities in male rhesus monkey fetuses, but intravenous doses did not lead to abnormalities.

In this study, researchers used a hypospadiac rat model to demonstrate abnormal genital development, similar to human penoscrotal hypospadias, highlighting the model's value for studying penile growth and differentiation.

This study found that exposure to certain pesticides may be associated with delayed sexual maturation in adolescent males.

This study introduces genital sex differentiation parameters (GSDP) to analyze sexual differences in external genitalia and perineum development in mice, revealing varied sensitivity to androgen inhibition in genital structures.

A new diagnostic tool for Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus is highly accurate, and updated treatments for various skin conditions, including melanoma and Hidradenitis Suppurativa, were discussed.

This study found that prenatal exposure to finasteride in rats disrupted male reproductive development, causing physical alterations such as delayed preputial separation and increased nipple retention.

This article reviews various aspects of puberty, particularly focusing on the staging of sexual maturity and the factors influencing pubertal onset, but reports no new empirical results.

This case report discusses the diagnostic challenges and management options for three siblings with 46, XY DSD due to type 2 5-α reductase deficiency, highlighting the genetic basis and impact on their quality of life.

This article reviews differential diagnosis approaches for 46,XY DSD, proposing a diagnostic algorithm focused on biochemical and genetic data, without presenting new clinical results.

This abstract discusses Lichen Sclerosus, a chronic skin condition affecting the genitals, highlighting its symptoms, complications, and impact on quality of life, but reports no new clinical findings.

This review summarizes recent research on the molecular properties and functions of L-PGDS and PGD2, but reports no new findings, highlighting their pathophysiological roles and guiding future studies.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.

This paper describes the development of diagnostic criteria for several enduring sexual dysfunction conditions following the use of certain medications, highlighting common sexual and non-sexual symptoms.

This article discusses the development and contributors of the third edition of the Plastic Surgery textbook, highlighting its expansion to six volumes covering topics like aesthetic plastic surgery, but presents no new clinical results.

This article reviews the role of hormones in human penis development and associated conditions due to hormonal imbalances, but reports no new findings, suggesting hormone replacement can manage some conditions.

In this study, significant elevations of DHA and testosterone were associated with pubic hair development and voice changes in boys during puberty.

This study found that penile and clitoral differentiation in mice is influenced by androgen exposure, with penile features developing postnatally requiring prenatal and ongoing androgen presence.

This cross-sectional study examined gender-affirming surgeries in Canada, finding significant variation in provincial insurance coverage, with Prince Edward Island covering the most procedures and Nunavut the least, while noting a general lack of in-province procedures in the territories.

This historical review traces the discovery of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, widely used in urology, from the study of guevedoces, Dominican children with a rare disorder leading to significant androgenization at puberty.

This chapter reviews the role of the testes in producing and functioning of testicular androgens and protein hormones, but it presents no new clinical results.

This study suggests that combining testosterone and letrozole may accelerate puberty in boys with constitutional delay by increasing serum androgen bioactivity and facilitating pubertal progression.

This article reviews the congenital disorder aphallia, describing its rarity, clinical characteristics, and the normal hormonal and chromosomal profiles of affected individuals, but does not report new research findings.

This case report documents successful virilization, including penile length increase, in a boy with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome using high-dose testosterone combined with anastrozole.