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In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Different factors affect where drugs are absorbed in the small intestine, which is important for effective medication use.

Tiny particles called extracellular vesicles could help with skin healing and hair growth, but more research is needed.

Mice with enhanced regeneration abilities may help develop new regenerative medicine therapies.

New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis show improvement but have side effects and are not a cure.

Skin grafting and wound treatment have improved, but we need more research to better understand wound healing and create more effective treatments.

Porcine skin is very similar to human skin, making it a useful model for research.

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

Human hair keratin can be used in many medical applications.

Nanotube-based hair treatments could improve hair health and growth, and offer long-lasting effects.

The protein p53 directly reduces the production of Keratin 17, a skin and hair protein, in rats with radiation dermatitis.

Two-photon microscopy effectively tracks live stem cell activity in mouse skin with minimal harm and clear images.

Diamond nanoparticles can penetrate skin and reach hair follicles, useful for imaging applications.

New materials that better mimic natural skin structure could improve healing, especially for chronic wounds.

Androgens like testosterone may help treat traumatic brain injury by reducing mitochondrial stress and inflammation.

Human pluripotent stem cells could be used to make platelets for medical use, but safety, effectiveness, and cost issues need to be resolved.

A new hair loss treatment was created using minoxidil and tretinoin in stable niosomes, which effectively released the drugs over time.

Understanding skin structure and development helps diagnose and treat skin disorders.

A child with a rare vitamin D-resistant condition improved with treatment.

Exosomes may help stimulate hair growth and improve hair loss conditions like androgenic alopecia.

TSC2 is crucial for proper hair follicle development and patterning.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for body functions and diseases, and targeting it may treat conditions like cancer, but with safety challenges.

The secretome from mesenchymal stem cells is a promising treatment that may repair tissue and avoid side effects of stem cell transplantation.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

The update highlights that non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is common in women with excess male hormones, requires specific hormone tests for diagnosis, and has various treatment options depending on age and symptoms.

Lysophospholipids like LPA and S1P are important for hair growth, immune responses, and vascular development, and could be targeted for treating diseases.

Improved understanding of stem cell mechanisms can enhance skin tissue engineering.

Topical PRP cream may improve facial skin by boosting collagen.

Some children in Malaysia with symptoms have either profound or partial biotinidase deficiency, and early testing and treatment are important.

Scientists now better understand the genetics of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, leading to more accurate diagnoses and potential new treatments.