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Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

Finasteride helps hair growth and prostate issues but may cause sexual side effects and increase tumor risk.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand disease causes in the elderly and has found new risk factors and genetic influences on various conditions.

Lifestyle changes can improve body composition, excess male hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Testosterone therapy in transgender men has both desired effects like increased muscle mass and potential health risks such as higher cardiovascular risk.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Taxane chemotherapy can cause skin, hair, and nail side effects, which are often under-reported and can affect patient quality of life.

Coal tar shampoos, salicylic acid, and topical corticosteroids are effective for scalp psoriasis, with Vitamin D3 analogues also showing benefits; severe cases may require stronger medication with more risks.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

Treating psoriasis on the scalp, nails, and skin folds is challenging, often requiring systemic treatments for severe cases, with some success in topical and biologic treatments.

A genetic change in the EDAR gene causes the unique hair traits found in East Asians.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

Eating fewer calories, less sugar and refined carbs, and more low-glycemic and omega-3 rich foods can help manage PCOS symptoms.

Hormonal treatments can help with acne, especially in women, by lowering androgen levels or blocking their effects.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

Imiquimod 5% cream reduced equine sarcoids in most cases.

Some drugs can cause hair loss, and stopping these drugs often leads to hair regrowth.

The study showed that hair follicle stem cells can maintain and organize themselves in a lab setting, keeping their ability to renew and form hair and skin.

Older skin has higher cancer risk due to inflammation and stem cell issues.

UVB radiation harms hair growth and health, causing cell death and other changes in human hair follicles.

Some medications can cause acne, and stopping these drugs is the main treatment.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.

Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.

Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 (FGF-9) can help improve heart function in diabetic mice after a heart attack by reducing inflammation and harmful changes to the heart's structure.

Epidermal Growth Factor helps hair follicle cells grow and move by activating a specific cell signaling pathway.

Negative expectations can cause adverse effects in patients even without active treatment, and managing this nocebo effect involves better communication and patient-clinician relationships.

Oral contraceptives can cause skin issues like dark patches, acne, yeast infections, sensitivity to light, spider veins, skin rashes, and hair loss.