September 2023 in “Current opinion in microbiology” This source discusses how the skin mycobiome, dominated by Malassezia fungi, may provide a unique niche that can be disrupted by environmental changes, potentially leading to the fungal pathogen C. auris overtaking Malassezia and predisposing individuals to severe infections.
November 2023 in “Journal of Basic Microbiology” This study explored the fungal diversity on human scalps, identifying 15 genera and 24 species from 18 scalp samples of girls, with yeast-like structures found in 33.3% of cases. Additionally, zinc oxide nanoparticles, synthesized using ginger extract, showed significant antifungal activity against specific species.
March 2014 in “Journal of clinical microbiology” This paper reviews the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory tinea capitis, highlighting the importance of laboratory confirmation and recommending griseofulvin as the gold standard treatment.
2 citations
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August 2020 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study suggests that Lindera strychnifolia root extract may help restore a healthy microbial balance on the scalp in men with androgenetic alopecia after 83 days of treatment.
September 2023 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” In this study, the researchers found that a 28-day topical treatment with a postbiotic ferment complex notably altered the scalp microbiome in women with sensitive scalps, increasing certain bacterial species and decreasing others, while also reportedly alleviating symptoms of sensitive skin syndrome in all participants.
47 citations
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March 2022 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” This review discusses the role of the skin microbiome in the pathogenesis of various skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, and reports no new clinical findings; it emphasizes potential therapeutic implications.
August 2019 in “International journal of current microbiology and applied sciences” This study found that among 86 skin scrapings from various dog breeds with ringworm lesions, Microsporum species were the predominant fungal infection, with Labradors showing the highest infection rate. Miconazole was most effective in antifungal susceptibility tests.
8 citations
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October 2022 in “Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology” The document concludes that better understanding the wound microbiome can improve chronic wound care by preserving helpful bacteria and targeting harmful ones.
November 2023 in “Burns and trauma” This review discusses how the skin microbiome impacts different types of cutaneous wounds, such as acute and chronic, and explores therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome to enhance healing outcomes.
134 citations
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January 2019 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” This review summarizes recent research on the skin microbiome's role in acne development and how antibiotic treatments affect skin microbes, but it reports no new clinical results.
11 citations
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February 2021 in “Biomedicines” This review discusses the role of hair follicle bacterial colonization in immune responses and the pathogenesis of alopecia but reports no new clinical results.
July 2026 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” This study found that patients with androgenetic alopecia had increased scalp microbial diversity and reduced Staphylococcus abundance, particularly in the frontal and vertex regions, suggesting this dysbiosis as a sensitive indicator of AGA.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Web of Multidisciplinary Studies” This review synthesizes current research on how the interaction between the skin microbiome and exosome-mediated communication influences hair disorders, and discusses how microbiome restoration and exosome-based therapies could advance treatments for conditions like alopecia by promoting hair regrowth and follicular health.
November 2025 in “Journal of Pioneering Medical Science” This systematic review reported that probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, and dietary supplements may improve hair density and reduce dandruff severity in individuals with scalp disorders, potentially by modifying inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiota composition; however, variability across studies limits the strength of these conclusions.
October 2025 in “Progress In Microbes & Molecular Biology” This review reveals that PCOS is consistently linked to gut microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and shifts in composition, which are associated with various PCOS phenotypes and may present opportunities for microbiota-targeted therapies addressing the disorder's underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
April 2024 in “Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology” This review highlights evidence supporting the potential of blue light therapy as a non-invasive treatment for managing skin and hair conditions by modulating interactions between the skin microbiome and its host.
November 2022 in “Journal of Education, Health and Sport” This review discusses the current understanding of the skin microbiome's potential influence on alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for further study, reporting no new experimental results.
This paper highlights the role of the skin microbiome in influencing skin and hair conditions, suggesting that understanding these microbial communities could aid in developing new probiotic or antibiotic treatments for disorders like alopecia and skin diseases.
January 2024 in “Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Hewan” In this veterinary case report, a mixed breed dog with Malassezia dermatitis showed significant improvement and hair regrowth after 28 days of treatment with ketoconazole and other supportive therapies.
9 citations
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April 2023 in “Frontiers in immunology” This review discusses the current and emerging methods for profiling skin microbes to advance our understanding of the microbiome in skin disease, but it reports no new clinical findings.
26 citations
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May 2019 in “PLOS ONE” This study observed that hair follicles in hair loss patients had increased levels of Propionibacterium acnes, potentially linked to elevated immune response gene expression in miniaturized hair follicles.
January 2025 in “Universidad de Córdoba Insitutional Repository (Universidad de Córdoba)” In this study, researchers observed that individuals with alopecia areata exhibited significant changes in scalp microbiota diversity and composition, which were linked to disease severity and inflammation markers, though it remains unclear if these microbial shifts are a cause or a result of hair loss.
54 citations
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October 2019 in “Australian Journal of General Practice” This article provides an updated overview of the diagnosis and management of tinea infections but reports no new clinical findings.
33 citations
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April 2017 in “American journal of clinical dermatology” This study suggests that deep dermatophytosis is a distinct condition occurring in immunocompromised patients, characterized by nodules, an indolent course, and absence of follicular invasion, which resolves completely with systemic antifungal treatment.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “Medical Hypotheses” This hypothesis proposes that fungal infection may be a common risk factor for both male pattern baldness and coronary heart disease, supported by some evidence linking antifungal treatment to improvements in both conditions.
1 citations
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April 2024 in “Veterinary Science and Medicine Journal” In this study, a mixed breed dog with Malassezia fungal dermatitis and tick infestation showed notable improvement after 14 days of treatment with itraconazole, loratadine, fish oil, sebasol shampoo, and multivitamins, with reduced skin symptoms and hair regrowth observed.
61 citations
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May 2015 in “Planta” Certain fungi and bacteria help orchid seeds germinate and plants grow better.
August 2024 in “Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento” This source reports that Malassezia restricta appears more abundantly in fecal samples and may be associated with intestinal diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but is also found in healthy contexts; future research could inform targeted therapies.
1 citations
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July 2017 in “International Journal of Advanced Research” This study evaluated the phytochemical properties and in-vitro anti-fungal activity of Tridax procumbens but reports no new clinical results.
47 citations
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September 2023 in “Pharmacological Reports” In this review, researchers explored the roles of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E in skin immunity, highlighting their potential as therapeutics for skin diseases due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.