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This study found a high prevalence of clinical signs and functional disorders of androgen excess in premenopausal women, with idiopathic hyperandrogenism and idiopathic hirsutism rates similar to PCOS.

This study found that young women with PCOS exhibited altered white matter microstructure and reduced cognitive performance compared to matched controls.

This article discusses a severe case of telogen effluvium following brow ptosis repair and stresses the importance of recognizing and addressing stress-induced hair loss, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that while iron depletion through phlebotomies is safe for women with functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, it does not improve their cardio-metabolic profile and may reduce non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity.

This article provides an overview of ovulation disorders, discussing ovarian, hypothalamic, and endocrine defects but reports no new clinical findings.

This article discusses the systematic diagnostic evaluation of secondary amenorrhea and provides guidance for referral considerations; it reports no new research findings.

The study found that prolactin expressed in human scalp hair follicles acts as an autocrine modulator, inhibiting hair growth and promoting hair follicle regression, which may contribute to hair loss in hyper-prolactinemia patients.

This review discusses the classifications, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for female pattern hair loss, but reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the similarities in clinical, endocrine, and ultrasonographic features between PCOS and other disorders with excessive androgen secretion, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis but reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the current understanding of prolactin's role in female reproductive health and the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinaemia but reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, echocardiographic measures of cardiac function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome were found to be similar to those of healthy women.

This study found that menstrual irregularity is common in women with acromegaly, with high GH levels, estrogen deficiency, and larger tumors correlating with more severe irregularity.

This study found that women experiencing diffuse hair loss had significantly lower levels of plasma sex-hormone binding globulin compared to controls, while their testosterone levels remained normal.

This review examines age-related changes in androgen levels in women and explores the rationale for testosterone replacement therapy, but it reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the definition of polycystic ovary syndrome proposed by the AE-PCOS Society Task Force, emphasizing hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and excluding related disorders, while noting potential variations needing more research.

This study found that women with acne resistant to conventional treatments had significantly higher levels of testosterone, DHEA‑S, prolactin, and LH, suggesting potential underlying hormonal disorders.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The document concludes that identifying the cause of amenorrhea is crucial for proper treatment.

This article discusses various causes of hyperandrogenism in women and highlights diagnostic considerations for conditions such as PCOS, NCCAH, Cushing's disease, and androgen-secreting tumors, without reporting new clinical results.

Amenorrhea is when a woman doesn't have periods, with primary amenorrhea starting by age 15 or within five years of breast development, and secondary amenorrhea when periods stop for three months. It affects 3-4% of women not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in menopause, mainly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and ovarian failure.

This review explores the significant impacts of hormonal changes within normal physiological ranges and suggests examining low-dose effects from chemicals disrupting hormonal activity; it presents no new clinical results.

Amenorrhea, or the absence of periods, should be evaluated by age 15 or within five years of early breast development, and is most commonly caused by conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.

This review discusses the impact of testosterone therapy on postmenopausal women's sexual function and well-being but notes a lack of long-term safety studies and debates on defining androgen insufficiency.

This review discusses the unique challenges of diagnosing and managing polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents and reports no new clinical findings.

This study in Saudi female patients with hyperprolactinemia found that pituitary imaging is often indicated due to a high prevalence of pituitary anomalies, with prolactin levels showing moderate accuracy in predicting adenomas and a suggested cutoff level of >38.71 ng/mL for diagnosis.

This review highlights that while lifestyle changes may help with many ovulatory disorders, oocyte donation is considered a viable option for patients who cannot undergo ovulation induction; it reports no new results.

This article discusses the potential of acupuncture as a complementary or alternative therapy for PCOS, highlighting experimental evidence of its positive effects on reproductive and metabolic function, but reports no new clinical results.

This article reviews the pathophysiology and causes of androgen-mediated hair growth in hirsutism but does not report any clinical outcomes; treatment aspects are discussed separately.

This review discusses the role of various hormones in diffuse hair loss and emphasizes the need for further research to clarify their complex interactions and potential therapeutic implications, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that Turner’s syndrome is associated with significant bone mass decrease due to estrogen deficiency, which can be improved with estrogen therapy, while bone issues in Klinefelter’s syndrome may benefit from early androgen therapy and possibly bisphosphonates.