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This study found that nanocapsules formulated as a dispersion and applied with massage may enhance follicular uptake of clobetasol propionate while minimizing its skin penetration, offering a potential improvement over conventional treatments for scalp diseases.

This study found that in vivo, a novel microneedle system for valproic acid delivery may improve hair regrowth efficacy by upregulating hair follicle development pathways more effectively than topical application.

This study reviews recent advancements in microneedles made from PLGA, highlighting their use in delivering vaccines, drugs, and proteins through the skin with minimal invasiveness, and discusses the challenges and future potential of these delivery systems.

In this study, polymeric micelles containing retinoic acid were found to improve targeted delivery to hair follicle structures in human skin more efficiently than a marketed retinoic acid gel, suggesting potentially safer and more effective acne treatment.

This study suggests that finasteride-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles could be a viable alternative to oral administration for treating androgenetic alopecia due to their controlled release and skin permeation properties.

This article reviews various strategies, primarily developed by the Turin University Pharmaceutical Technology group, for increasing entrapment efficiency of hydrophilic molecules in nanoparticulate systems and reports no clinical results.

This study found that liquid crystalline nanoparticles formulated with Cremophor surfactants significantly enhanced skin permeation of finasteride compared to lower surfactant concentrations.

This review explores how colloidal drug delivery systems can enhance the stability, absorption, and bioavailability of phytochemicals, potentially rediscovering ancient compounds' therapeutic benefits and overcoming limitations like poor solubility and bioavailability.

This study found that using monoolein cubic phase nanoparticles with an entrapped hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin/minoxidil complex increased minoxidil skin permeation, but minoxidil retention in the skin was higher with a traditional solution.

This study found that adapalene-loaded solid lipid microparticles may enhance targeted drug delivery into sebum due to their similarity to sebum components, although both this formulation and a standard cream showed equivalent follicular penetration.

This study found that ion-paired solutions significantly improved the skin penetration of risedronate in hairless mice compared to risedronate alone.

This study found that neutral liposomes were most effective at delivering minoxidil into pilosebaceous units compared to other tested formulations.

This article explains the preparation methods and applications for various vesicle and particle systems used in transdermal drug delivery, highlighting their effectiveness and potential for further development in this field.

This study found that a novel effervescent formulation significantly increased minoxidil sulphate accumulation in hair follicles and skin compared to a standard minoxidil solution.

This study found that minoxidil penetration through the skin increased with higher ethanol content and occlusion, with the highest penetration observed at 90% ethanol.

This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers enhanced the skin penetration and retention of minoxidil compared to solid lipid nanoparticles, suggesting they could be a promising method for topical delivery.

This study quantifies the follicular uptake of tea tree oil in bovine udder skin, with microemulsion showing the highest concentration among different formulations tested.

This study found that Er–YAG laser treatment significantly enhanced skin absorption and follicular delivery of antialopecia drugs, suggesting a potential laser-assisted approach to treat alopecia.

This study reported that nanoemulsions significantly improved the skin permeability of thiocolchicoside compared to its aqueous solution, suggesting they are effective carriers for its transdermal delivery.

This study found that a novel proniosomal gel formulation of CoQ10 improved antioxidant levels and provided better skin protection against UV radiation compared to a conventional CoQ10 gel in animal models.

This study developed lipid nanoparticles for delivering minoxidil and finasteride to the dermis and hair follicles, showing stability and a desired prolonged release, though with low skin penetration levels.

This study reported that oleic acid-based nanovesicles improve follicular delivery and reduce side effects of minoxidil compared to traditional MXD lotions.

This study found that microencapsulation combined with iontophoresis can significantly enhance the delivery of minoxidil sulphate to hair follicles, suggesting a synergetic approach for topical drug targeting.

This study found that polymeric nanoparticles retained more minoxidil and facilitated superior drug permeation compared to lipid nanoparticles, although premature drug release affected formulation performance.

This study found that Transcutol P significantly enhanced the skin penetration of Finasteride in vitro, while cationic and anionic surfactants did not show such effects.

This study investigated the use of dissolving microneedle patches to improve the skin-lightening effects of alpha-arbutin and resveratrol, finding that the patches enhanced intradermal delivery and slightly decreased the melanin index without affecting skin hydration or causing irritation over 24 hours.

In this study, magnesium was observed to penetrate human skin, with hair follicles significantly aiding this process depending on the concentration and duration of exposure.

This study found that nano-sized minoxidil formulations significantly increased skin penetration and follicular drug delivery for alopecia areata treatment, compared to conventional ethanol-based solutions, and demonstrated effective controlled release over six hours.

This study found that adapalene-loaded nanospheres in a hyaluronic acid gel enhanced skin penetration and were nonirritant, making them potentially suitable for treating acne on oily skin.

This study found that alginate beads containing monoolein demonstrated promising potential for managing wet wounds by better absorbing excess exudate and delivering adenosine locally, favoring drug localization in damaged porcine skin compared to an aqueous solution without affecting skin viability.