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TGF-β signaling is crucial for stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and has implications for cancer treatment.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Fat cells in the skin help start healing and form important repair cells after injury.

Targeting androgen receptors could be a promising way to treat skin disorders with fewer side effects.

Male pattern baldness involves hormones and cell signals affecting hair growth.

Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

The research identified various cell types in mouse and human teeth, which could help in developing dental regenerative treatments.

Androgens have complex effects on hair growth, promoting it in some areas but causing hair loss in others, and our understanding of this is still evolving.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Men, especially older ones with health issues like prostate cancer, may have worse COVID-19 outcomes and could benefit from therapies targeting male hormones.

Researchers found a new gene area linked to male-pattern baldness, which, along with another gene, significantly increases the risk of hair loss in men.

Skin-derived precursors in hair follicles come from different origins but function similarly.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Thymus transplantation successfully restored immune function in infants with FOXN1 deficiency.

Restoring hair bulb immune privilege is crucial for managing alopecia areata.

Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

FOXO1 is important for wound healing, but its dysfunction in diabetes can slow the healing process.

Pregnancy can increase lupus activity, but careful planning and treatment can improve outcomes.

Six new genetic regions linked to early hair loss also connect to Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer, possibly leading to new treatments.

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Skin development in mammals is controlled by key proteins and signals from underlying cells, involving stem cells for maintenance and repair.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

SHISA6 helps maintain certain stem cells in mouse testes by blocking signals that would otherwise cause them to differentiate.

Mesenchymal stem cells show potential for skin healing and anti-aging, but more research is needed for safe use, especially regarding stem cells from induced pluripotent sources.

Both vitiligo and alopecia areata involve an immune response triggered by stress and specific genes, with treatments targeting this pathway showing potential.

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.