October 2022 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” This study reports that the newly developed SA-Ca(II) hydrogel has tunable mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, and potential applications in wearable protections and stimuli-responsive electronics.
This abstract introduces TrichoFoam™, a new foaming vehicle for compounding pharmacies, designed to be a gentle, non-irritating option for alopecia treatment, acknowledging that current topical treatments are limited and oral products may cause adverse effects.
13 citations
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March 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” The study found that a polymer treatment changes the charge on hair surfaces, making bleached hair smoother and less porous.
4 citations
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June 2013 in “PubMed” This study found that minoxidil in Espumil Foam Base remains stable for at least 90 days when stored at room temperature and protected from light.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that cationic surfactant-based conditioning systems significantly reduce friction on hair fibers, improving wet and dry combability by forming a stable film layer on the hair’s surface, as verified by both instrumental and sensory evaluations.
42 citations
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January 2009 in “Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces” This study found that dimethylpabamidopropyl laurdimonium tosylate, a quaternary ammonium surfactant, adsorbs onto human scalp hair with kinetic and isotherm behaviors fitting specific models, changing hair fiber wettability from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
5 citations
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January 1992 This study found that dimethicone with high molecular weight improved hair surface characteristics, while dimethicone copolyol and amodimethicone enhanced manageability by reducing friction or aiding styling on damaged hair.
4 citations
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March 2021 in “Journal of Surfactants and Detergents” This study found that hair treated with shampoo containing water-soluble silicone demonstrated smoother sliding and better detangling, compared to shampoo with water-insoluble silicone, due to differences in conditioning film formation.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study found that cationic surfactant-based conditioning systems significantly improve hair combability by forming a stable low-friction film on hair surfaces, reducing friction and enhancing sensory performance compared to standard systems, as confirmed by both instrumental and sensory evaluations.
1 citations
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March 2024 in “International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics” This study found that varying the concentration of propylene glycol in rice water shampoo gel affects physical properties such as viscosity and foam height, without impacting organoleptic qualities or pH stability.
2 citations
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May 2021 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, hydrophilic EG7 PTK-UR foams promoted better wound healing and tissue integration in a porcine model compared to more hydrophobic PTK-UR variants and a polyester-based alternative, while matching a collagen-based standard.
September 2025 in “Journal of Surfactants and Detergents” In this study, shampoos containing sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate showed superior coacervate formation and lubrication on wet hair, outperforming other amino acid surfactants and suggesting potential for creating low-irritation, high-performance hair products.
12 citations
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January 2018 in “Biomaterials Science” This study observed that dermal papilla cell aggregates showed increased viability and gene expression on softer 3D substrates, indicating the importance of substrate stiffness in cellular behavior.
26 citations
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August 2016 in “ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces” In this study, cell membrane remodeling with a thermoresponsive boronic acid copolymer was shown to rapidly form spheroids from cancer or cardiac cell lines under standard conditions, promising advances in tissue engineering.
Hair feels different when touched and rubs together in various ways.
January 2024 in “World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany” Polisorbate 20 is not suitable for curl creams due to instability.
10 citations
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November 1984 in “Journal of Colloid and Interface Science” The study found that the Marangoni effect causes the uneven wetting of surfactant-coated hair due to the surfactant moving into the water.
December 2024 in “PubMed” This study evaluates the compatibility of six active pharmaceutical ingredients, including finasteride and spironolactone, with TrichoFoam™, a foam vehicle used in personalized treatments for alopecia, though it does not report specific results.
4 citations
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October 2007 in “PubMed” This study found that the PQ-70 shampoo formulation demonstrated the highest Hair Humidity Resistance Factor, indicating superior anti-frizz performance compared to other tested shampoos.
2 citations
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July 2013 in “Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista)” This study found that the shampoo formulation with Polyurethane-14 and AMP-acrylates copolymer improved curl definition and reduced frizz and volume in natural and curly hair tresses compared to the control.
January 2026 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces” This study found that treating damaged hair with maleic-modified amino silicone oil created a highly hydrophobic surface, reducing water content and improving hair's mechanical properties and thermal stability.
In this study, the relaxed overhand knot method demonstrated its effectiveness in measuring the self-friction coefficient of single hair fibers, revealing that sodium hydroxide treatment significantly increases friction and could aid microsurgical applications.
This study observed that treating human hair with NaOH led to partially removed cuticles, resulting in better fiber cohesion and mechanical properties similar to wool, unlike bleach or formic acid treatments, which weakened the fibers.
19 citations
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May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis” This study found that a conditioner treatment using 18-MEA combined with a specific cationic surfactant effectively restored hydrophobicity and reduced friction on damaged hair surfaces.
December 2023 in “Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin” This study found that combining lecithin reverse wormlike micelles with isopropyl myristate enhanced the skin permeability of a model hydrophilic drug, facilitated by interactions with sebum in hair follicles.
December 2023 in “Journal of molecular structure” This study found that hair membrane fluidity is low in the cuticle but high in the cortex and medulla, with treatments like ionic surfactants and oleic acid increasing fluidity in hydrated hair; however, dehydration significantly reduces fluidity throughout the hair.
26 citations
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May 2011 in “Tissue Engineering Part A” This study found that mouse embryoid bodies adhered quickly and differentiated efficiently into cardiomyocytes on negatively charged poly(sodium p-styrene sulfonate) hydrogels, similar to their behavior on gelatin-coated polystyrene.
116 citations
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April 2022 in “Science Translational Medicine” This study found that the hydrophilic PTK-UR foam with EG7 repeats significantly improved wound healing in porcine skin wounds compared to other scaffolds, suggesting potential for synthetic biomaterial applications.
September 2026 in “Repository of the University of Ljubljana (University of Ljubljana)” This study analyzed hair styling mousses on the Slovenian market, finding that their formulations primarily rely on polymers, with no banned ingredients according to European cosmetics regulations.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Skin Research and Technology” This article provides guidelines and indices for a three-point cantilever bending test to measure mechanical properties of hair treated with both conventional and naturally-derived styling polymers, reporting no new experimental results.