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Osteoma cutis is a rare, benign skin condition where bone forms in the skin.

A rare skin tumor with bone formation was successfully removed without recurrence.

Fibroblast growth factors are crucial for hair follicle development and regeneration.

The skin systems of jawed vertebrates evolved diverse appendages like hair and scales from a common structure over 420 million years ago.

All-trans retinoic acid at high doses harms goat hair growth cells and could be bad for hair growth.

TCDD disrupts skin stem cells, causing skin issues like chloracne.

Oral retinoids are effective for severe skin conditions but require careful use due to side effects.

The extracellular matrix is crucial for controlling skin stem cell behavior and health.

Some growth factors, while important for normal body functions, can cause diseases when not regulated properly.

Intermediate filaments are crucial for cell differentiation and stem cell function.

Targeting NETs may help reduce fibrosis in Crohn's disease.

Retinoic acid helps change skin cells and is important for skin development and hair growth.

The fascial layer is a promising new target for wound healing treatments using biomaterials.

Environmental cues can change the fate and function of epithelial cells, with potential for cell therapy.

CRTH2 antagonists might be useful for treating many conditions because they play a role in immune and inflammation responses.

Proretinal nanoparticles are a safe and effective way to deliver retinal to the skin.

The article concludes that studying how skin forms is key to understanding skin diseases and improving regenerative medicine.

The Sonic hedgehog pathway is crucial for new hair growth during mouse skin healing.

Human skin can provide stem cells for tissue repair and regeneration, but there are challenges in obtaining and growing these cells safely.

The conclusion is that genetic differences affect how the cochlea heals after hair cell loss, which may challenge the creation of hearing loss treatments.

Active oxygen species might be involved in skin tumor growth, but their exact role is unclear.

Progeroid mouse models show signs of early aging similar to humans, helping us understand aging better.

Adult mouse skin contains stem cells that can create new hair, skin, and oil glands.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

Adult stem cells are important for tissue repair and have therapeutic potential, but more research is needed to fully use them.

Deleting Smad4 and PTEN genes in mice causes rapid, invasive forestomach cancer.

Claudin-1 is important for the barrier function and growth of hair.

Keeping β-catenin levels high in mammary cells disrupts their development and branching.

Too much β-catenin activity can mess up the development of mammary glands and make them more like hair follicles.

TGFα gene mutation in mice causes abnormal skin, wavy hair, curly whiskers, and sometimes eye inflammation.