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The bulletin provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing PCOS, suggesting weight loss, hormonal contraceptives, and diabetes screening, with clomiphene for infertility and various treatments for excess hair.

The Rotterdam Study updated findings on elderly health, focusing on heart disease, genetics, lifestyle effects, and disease understanding.

The document concludes that the understanding of scar formation is incomplete and current prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scars and keloids are not fully effective.

Chemicals and body size might change when puberty starts and progresses, but more research is needed to confirm this.

The Endocrine Society advised against routine testosterone therapy for women, citing a need for more research on long-term safety and a clear definition of androgen deficiency.

Removing part of the vitamin D receptor stops vitamin D from working properly.

Exposure to too much androgen before birth might cause polycystic ovary syndrome later in life.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Insulin resistance is a key factor in polycystic ovary syndrome, but genetics may also contribute.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer can cause sexual, physical, and psychological side effects, and doctors should manage these carefully.

Cells from balding scalps have more androgen receptors than cells from non-balding scalps.

Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.

Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.

Sorafenib is effective in treating Desmoid Tumor/Deep Fibromatosis.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss in men, while minoxidil treats hair loss in women.

MK-0773 safely increased muscle mass but did not improve muscle strength or function in elderly women with sarcopenia.

Antiandrogens like flutamide are effective in treating conditions like prostate cancer and hair loss, but there's a need for more potent versions. Understanding their structure can help develop better treatments.

WNT10A mutations often cause ectodermal dysplasias, with males showing more tooth issues than females.

Opioid painkillers can cause many side effects, including breathing problems and addiction, but are generally considered safe when used properly.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Women with PCOS have lower quality of life, especially in mental health and energy, and managing weight can help improve it.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.