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The study developed a tool to predict how gut microbes process foods and drugs, showing that similar compounds often share metabolic pathways and effects.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

DHT's role in hair loss is important, but measuring its level for diagnosis is questionable.

Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.

Scalp cooling is the most effective FDA-approved method to prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss, but more research is needed for other treatments.

Some hormone-related drugs may protect brain cells in Parkinson's disease differently in men and women.

Finasteride reduces alcohol withdrawal severity in male mice but increases it in female mice.

Finasteride treatment changes brain steroid levels and receptors, affecting brain function even after stopping treatment.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

Spironolactone is better than placebo for reducing excessive hair growth in women, but its effectiveness for acne is unclear due to small study sizes.

Testosterone therapy may slightly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women, but its long-term safety is unknown.

Steroidogenic isoenzymes may help improve treatments for common hair loss.

Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.

The document concludes that new treatments are needed to better manage acne and reduce side effects related to current therapies.

Small changes in hormones can significantly impact health, showing the importance of sensitive testing for chemicals that disrupt hormones.

Certain genetic variations are linked to increased androgen levels in PCOS, but more research is needed to understand these connections fully.

Use 5% minoxidil or oral finasteride for mild-to-moderate hair loss, combine with hair transplant for severe cases.

New treatments for hair loss show promise, especially finasteride for men and a stronger minoxidil formula.

The document concludes that menopause should be seen as a natural part of aging and managed with personalized care and informed choices.

Taking 5α-reductase inhibitors does not significantly increase the risk of breast cancer in men.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but should be used cautiously and not based solely on testosterone levels.

Cognitive behavioral strategies help women with PCOS make lifestyle changes to improve their health.

Hirsute women have lower type 2 17β-HSD enzyme levels, which improve with treatment.

Future osteoporosis treatments should focus on increasing bone growth, with many promising options available.

Daughters of women with PCOS generally experience normal puberty but may have more body hair and different body fat distribution.

The document concludes that using LC-MS/MS for measuring androgens is more accurate than older methods, but it needs careful validation and standardized references to be most effective.

PCOS is a complex disorder managed by treating symptoms and requires a team of specialists.

Finasteride significantly reduces hair growth in women with idiopathic hirsutism.

Antiandrogens have important biological effects, but more research is needed to understand them fully and compare their effectiveness and side effects to other treatments.

Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.