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Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

Hormonal treatments, including birth control and antiandrogens, can effectively treat acne in women.

Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

Aromatase gene variation may increase female hair loss risk.

Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.

Cancer can hijack the body's cell repair system to promote tumor growth, and targeting this process may improve cancer treatments.

Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

Compartmentalized organization might be crucial for stem cells to effectively respond to growth or injury.

Both mouse and rat models are effective for testing alopecia areata treatments.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Steroid sex hormones activate matriptase in prostate cancer cells but not in breast cancer cells.

Cancer treatments often cause hair disorders, significantly affecting patients' quality of life, and better management methods are needed.

Low doses of mixed chemicals cause permanent reproductive malformations in male rats.

The cosmetic industry should adapt to the varied beauty standards of ethnic groups and offer specialized treatments.

Different treatments for alopecia areata have varying success rates and side effects; intralesional steroids are most effective.

Neurosteroids change how GABA_A receptors work in the brain, which could be important for treating temporal lobe epilepsy.

Drug repurposing is a cost-effective way to find new uses for existing drugs, speeding up treatment development.

Genetics play a role in acne, but how exactly they contribute is not fully understood.

Scalp cooling can help prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss with a 50-90% success rate and is safe for patients.

The study developed a tool to predict how gut microbes process foods and drugs, showing that similar compounds often share metabolic pathways and effects.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors slightly increase the risk of sexual and mood side effects, and breast growth in men.

Androgen Deprivation Therapy for prostate cancer often reduces sexual function but intermittent therapy may be more tolerable.