October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” Testosterone therapy can help with androgen deficiency in women but should be used with caution and monitoring due to potential risks.
October 2007 in “Postgraduate obstetrics & gynecology” This article reviews the unapproved use of testosterone for treating female androgen insufficiency and reports no new clinical results.
57 citations
,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” This systematic review suggests that current evidence does not support routinely discontinuing gender-affirming hormone treatments before surgery, especially testosterone and spironolactone, due to limited data on related perioperative risks.
47 citations
,
November 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents” The document concludes that research on sulfatase inhibitors should continue due to their potential in treating various diseases, despite some clinical trial failures.
25 citations
,
May 2021 in “Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology/Journal of exposure science and environmental epidemiology” This study found that hair products commonly used by Black women exhibited hormonal activity, which could impact health outcomes and contribute to health disparities.
19 citations
,
December 2021 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review highlights therapeutic options for inducing puberty in males and females with delayed puberty, emphasizing the need for larger trials to establish the best approaches.
16 citations
,
August 1967 in “JAMA” This study reports that diffuse alopecia of the scalp developed in some women during or after using oral contraceptive drugs, suggesting a potential link between the medication and hair loss.
9 citations
,
January 1997 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This review discusses the regulation of hair growth, causes of excessive androgen secretion, and current safe solutions for hyperandrogenism manifestations in women but reports no new clinical results.
September 1999 in “The Journal of The British Menopause Society” This review discusses how menopause and hormone replacement therapy affect skin aging in women but reports no new clinical findings.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
34 citations
,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This report describes a case of meningioma in a transwoman treated long-term with estradiol and cyproterone acetate, suggesting possible concern over female sex steroids and meningioma risk.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” This review summarizes existing clinical guidelines for hormonal therapy in gender dysphoria, observing similarities in international practices and emphasizing the need for more evidence-based research, particularly on GnRH agonists for both trans women and men.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.
45 citations
,
February 2001 in “Joint bone spine” This study found that Turner’s syndrome is associated with significant bone mass decrease due to estrogen deficiency, which can be improved with estrogen therapy, while bone issues in Klinefelter’s syndrome may benefit from early androgen therapy and possibly bisphosphonates.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” This review discusses therapeutic principles for managing hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia during the menopausal transition and peri-/postmenopause but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
,
February 2017 in “Journal of gynecology and womens health” This review discusses the causes and management of hirsutism, recommending low-dose oral contraceptives with flutamide over cyproterone-containing preparations, but reports no new clinical findings.
January 2024 in “Cosmetics” In this study, Brazilian postmenopausal women reported that menopause significantly deteriorates the quality of their skin, nails, and hair, negatively affecting self-esteem and quality of life, with a need for better understanding of hormone replacement therapy's dermatological effects.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” This narrative review synthesized current research on hormonal therapies in cosmetic dermatology, finding they offer promising, evidence-based applications for conditions like aging skin, acne, and melasma, but noting that safety and personalized treatment approaches are essential for responsible clinical use.
1 citations
,
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Hormonal contraceptives and related compounds can increase health risks like thrombosis and affect sexual function.
14 citations
,
April 2022 in “Climacteric” This review discusses the impact of HRT on menopausal skin and hair symptoms and argues that potential benefits should be part of informed decision-making for managing menopause.
This article discusses the positive effects of estrogens and progestagens on various general diseases, but reports no new clinical results; the mechanisms and treatment approaches are presented.
June 2024 in “Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This article examines when it is appropriate to prescribe estrogen for women with hormonal imbalances, utilizing decades of clinical practice, expert consultation, and a comprehensive literature review.
33 citations
,
January 2009 in “Contraception” This review summarizes the use of chlormadinone acetate for hormone replacement therapy and contraception, highlighting its anti-androgenic effects, contraceptive efficacy, and clinical tolerability, without offering new clinical results.
March 2025 in “Dermatology Online Journal” This commentary highlights that transgender patients are often dissatisfied with standard hormone replacement therapy for hair-related goals, emphasizing the need for dermatologists to provide informed guidance and tailor treatments.
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This article discusses the complexities of androgen and antiandrogen therapies in women, detailing diagnostic measures, the effects on libido, and the potential benefits of new progestins with antiandrogenic properties, but presents no new empirical findings.
78 citations
,
November 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.
18 citations
,
June 2010 in “Current medicinal chemistry” This review discusses current treatment options for hirsutism, emphasizing the importance of combining therapies for better outcomes, but reports no new clinical findings.
3 citations
,
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article discusses the various roles of steroids in vertebrate organ systems and notes several glucocorticoids that were among the Top 200 Drugs by sales in the 2010s, but it reports no new clinical findings.
11 citations
,
January 1991 in “Urology” This article reviews the potential of combining antiandrogenic and antiestrogenic treatments for BPH, highlighting aromatase inhibitors, but presents no new clinical results; further research is needed.
June 2023 in “Journal of multidisciplinary sciences (Online)” This review examines possible links between polycystic ovarian syndrome and reproductive cancers, but reports no new clinical findings.