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This study discusses the complex roles and effects of brain-synthesized sex neurosteroids, highlighting sex differences in their concentrations and their varied impacts on synaptic plasticity, cognitive behavior, and aging-related cognitive decline.

This study demonstrated that a new topical treatment using ketotifen-loaded microneedles, designed for prolonged release, significantly reduced inflammatory markers in an animal model of allergic conjunctivitis, suggesting enhanced therapeutic delivery and sustained ocular benefits.

This study developed dissolving microneedles using specific polymers for transdermal delivery of rizatriptan benzoate, demonstrating improved drug skin penetration and significant alleviation of migraine symptoms in vivo compared to passive diffusion, suggesting potential advantages over conventional treatment methods for acute migraine.

This review discusses the potential benefits and adverse effects of testosterone therapy in women with androgen insufficiency, and highlights the need for further research on its long-term safety and effectiveness.

This article reviews studies on thyroid influence on hair growth, noting varied results, including accelerated growth in some normal and underfed rats after thyroid administration, but reports no clinical results.

This systematic review suggests that current evidence does not support routinely discontinuing gender-affirming hormone treatments before surgery, especially testosterone and spironolactone, due to limited data on related perioperative risks.

This review discusses the creation of transgender-specific guidelines by WPATH and the Endocrine Society, based mostly on clinical experience, and reports no new results.

This review examines the scientific evidence on the short-term safety of testosterone therapy for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women, without presenting new clinical results.

This article reviews the limited evidence on testosterone therapy for premenopausal women and notes a lack of long-term safety and effectiveness data for this population.

This review examines existing research on transdermal testosterone for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder, suggesting it improves female sexual function with minimal side effects but highlights the need for more long-term safety data.

Hormone therapy is safe and effective for transgender adults, but requires regular monitoring and mental health support.

This study found that while Sudanese women had good awareness of hormonal contraceptives, they lacked knowledge about emergency contraceptives and non-family planning benefits, with side effects like hair loss influencing their attitudes.

This narrative review concludes that long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to establish clear guidelines for testosterone therapy in women, given the lack of FDA-approved formulations and the variable quality of current treatments.

Hormonal contraceptives are effective for teens but require careful consideration of side effects and individual health.

This study reported that treatment with cyproterone acetate alone and then with incremental estrogen doses induced mild feminizing effects in late-pubertal trans-girls, with further feminization observed after adding estrogen.

In this retrospective chart review, researchers observed that estrogen monotherapy effectively suppressed testosterone levels below 50ng/dL in all transfeminine patients studied, particularly those using injectable formulations, though the small sample size and ongoing data collection limit these findings.

This review discusses how COVID-19 may affect gonadal function and potential gender differences, but reports no clinical results; it highlights possible mechanisms and new treatment approaches from recent literature.

This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency, strongly recommending it for symptom relief and bone protection, but notes a lack of evidence on optimal types and doses.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

This review discusses the role of DHEA in intracrinology, highlighting its impact on breast and prostate cancer treatment and potential as a menopause therapy, but reports no new research findings.

This article reviews the complex signaling pathways between epithelial and mesenchymal cells crucial for hair follicle morphogenesis, highlighting the Wnt pathway's role as a master regulator without reporting new experimental findings.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This article reviews the effects of menopause on skin aging and suggests that hormone replacement therapy may help reverse some of these changes.

In this study, cross-sex hormone therapy affected hair growth patterns differently, with estrogen reducing hair growth in male-to-female transsexuals and testosterone increasing it in female-to-male transsexuals; however, male typical hair diameters were not fully reached in the latter group after 12 months.

This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.

This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin and reports no new clinical results; it highlights estrogen's potential benefits on skin thickness, collagen quality, and hair follicle life cycle.

This review discusses the roles estrogens play in males and androgens in females, challenging the traditional view of strictly "male" and "female" hormones, but it does not report new experimental findings.

Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.

This review discusses the physiological skin changes during pregnancy and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the importance of distinguishing these changes from pathological conditions.

This review discusses genetic and nutritional causes of hair loss, highlighting that around 90% of treated men show noticeable hair regrowth with a dual inhibitor, while women's hair loss may improve by correcting iron and l-lysine deficiencies.