64 citations
,
January 2000 in “The Analyst” This study describes an efficient gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for detecting estrone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations in hair, finding differing levels in male and female samples.
56 citations
,
March 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that 17β-estradiol inhibited RANTES production in human keratinocytes by suppressing nuclear factor κB activity, suggesting a potential mechanism for 17β-estradiol's modulation of psoriasis-related inflammation.
54 citations
,
January 1980 in “Dermatology” This study found that topical application of hair lotion containing 17α-estradiol may reduce androgenetic hair loss, as 63% of treated patients showed a decrease in telogen hairs compared to 37% in the control group.
49 citations
,
June 1998 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” In this study, both cyproterone acetate-estrogen combination (Diane®) and finasteride were effective in reducing hirsutism, but Diane® showed greater long-term efficacy and cost-effectiveness.
38 citations
,
May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” In this study, prolonged systemic administration of 17β-estradiol in castrated male mice delayed wound healing by inhibiting re-epithelialization and reducing collagen accumulation, with estrogen receptor-α likely mediating this effect.
35 citations
,
July 2008 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” This study found that medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment in women with PCOS reduced hyperandrogenism-related hormonal levels and improved skin conditions without affecting lipid or carbohydrate metabolism.
26 citations
,
February 2009 in “Drug Development Research” This article reviews the potential neuroprotective effects of 17α‐estradiol in neurodegenerative diseases and highlights its possibly lower toxicity compared to more feminizing hormones, but it reports no new clinical findings.
21 citations
,
January 2012 in “Annals of Dermatology” This study reported that Ell-Cranell® alpha 0.025% solution significantly increased hair counts and diameter in Korean women with female pattern hair loss over an 8-month period, showing both efficacy and safety.
20 citations
,
November 2015 in “International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics” Among women with polycystic ovary syndrome, this study found that oral contraceptives containing 20 μg ethinyl estradiol had similar effects on androgen levels as those containing 30 μg.
20 citations
,
July 1990 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” In this study, women treated for androgen-dependent alopecia with CPA EE2 therapy experienced significant decreases in serum vitamin B12, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels after six months.
18 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” This study found that both combined therapy with goserelin and oral contraceptives, and oral contraceptives alone, significantly reduced hair diameter in severe hirsutism without a significant difference between treatments.
14 citations
,
October 2015 in “Neurochemistry International” This study found that letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, reduced the incidence and severity of PTZ-induced kindling seizures in mice, potentially due to its effects on 17β-estradiol and neurosteroid synthesis.
11 citations
,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” This review highlights that Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinylestradiol is highly effective for treating severe acne and hirsutism in women with hyperandrogenism, and it also provides benefits for cycle control and mood improvement, according to the analysis of 78 studies.
9 citations
,
August 2021 in “Biomedicines” This study found that 17β-estradiol was the most powerful hormone for inducing APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cultured vascular endothelial cells, with secretion occurring through exosomes dependent on estrogen receptors and intracellular calcium.
9 citations
,
December 1987 in “European journal of endocrinology” In this study, 12 months of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol treatment significantly reduced hair growth rate and certain hormone levels in hirsute women, though hair density and prolactin levels remained unchanged.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, 17β-estradiol repressed polyamine oxidase transcription by interacting with AP-1 sites on its promoter.
8 citations
,
April 1990 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” This study found that a combination of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol over one year did not affect glucose tolerance but increased total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides in patients with moderate hyperandrogenism.
6 citations
,
January 2017 in “Annals of Dermatology” In this study, Korean women with female pattern hair loss who used a combination of topical 0.025% 17α-estradiol and 3% minoxidil saw significant increases in total hair count and hair caliber over six months.
5 citations
,
January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” This study found that 17beta-estradiol enhanced allergy responses in certain age groups of female mice and inhibited thymus involution and regeneration after contact hypersensitivity.
This study observed that women using combined oral contraceptives experienced more nausea, vomiting, and hair loss, while those on Depo-Provera were more likely to gain weight.
This study found that hair and nails can effectively measure hormone changes such as testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone during the peripubertal period in dogs, with variations observed between males and females at specific developmental stages.
June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In male mice and rats, this study found that 17α-estradiol improves metabolic health by acting through estrogen receptor α, suggesting a potential target for treating chronic diseases in male mammals.
May 2020 in “International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology” This article reviews the medical history and symptoms related to hyperandrogenism in patients, but reports no new clinical findings.
February 2020 in “İstanbul medical journal” This study evaluated the effects of metformin, ethinyl estradiol/cyproterone acetate (EE/SA), and their combination on carotid intima-media thickness and various cardiovascular markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study observed that in an ex vivo setting, 17β-estradiol increased CB1 expression in human hair follicles, suggesting possible sensitivity to endocannabinoids and a potential mechanism for hair therapy.
January 2002 in “NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)” This study found that skin is a significant site for estrogen production in mice, impacting both hair cycle regulation and sensitivity to chemical carcinogenesis.
83 citations
,
April 1992 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study found that treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol increased hair density in women with diffuse androgen-dependent alopecia, particularly when serum ferritin levels were above 40 μg/l.
64 citations
,
January 1985 in “Clinical endocrinology” In this study, treatment with the oral contraceptive containing 30 μg ethinyl oestradiol and 150 μg desogestrel significantly reduced androgen-dependent hair growth in hirsute women over one year.
14 citations
,
January 1980 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” This study found that both cyproterone acetate alone and combined with ethinyl oestradiol reduced androgen levels and slightly increased SHBG binding in women with hirsutism, but showed no difference in hair regrowth rate between the treatments.
8 citations
,
November 1978 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, cyproterone acetate was found to be effective in treating 'idiopathic' hirsutism, while a combination of ethinyloestradiol and lynoestrenol reduced hair growth in fewer patients despite uniformly lowering testosterone levels.