4 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” This study found that finasteride-induced DHT deficiency altered estrogen receptor expression in the epididymis, potentially destabilizing its function.
March 2010 in “Ejc Supplements” This article discusses the paradoxical effects of valproic acid on hair, reporting both drug-induced hair loss and the potential for hair growth when used topically, but presents no original research findings.
92 citations
,
February 2005 in “Endocrinology” This study found that estrogen receptor beta plays a significant role in murine hair growth control, potentially acting as a silencer of estrogen receptor alpha's catagen-promoting effects.
65 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that dexamethasone significantly reduced ERα mRNA levels and increased aromatase mRNA and activity in cultured human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism for estradiol action.
March 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that Cnidium officinale extract and its compound ferulic acid improved hair growth by promoting dermal papilla cell function and mitochondrial activity, suggesting their potential as a new treatment option for alopecia, possibly through estrogen receptor alpha activation.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology” This research reports that paternal finasteride treatment in male rats may negatively impact liver function in their male offspring, as observed through altered expression patterns of ERα and PCNA in liver tissue across different developmental stages.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” This study concluded that cyproterone acetate alone produced antiandrogenic effects on the female gerbil prostate, while ethinyloestradiol alone stimulated estrogenic activity, and their combination led to prostatic lesions.
April 2026 in “microPublication” In this study, researchers explored whether minoxidil, a common treatment for androgenetic alopecia, may have estrogenic activity and found preliminary evidence suggesting it could act as a partial agonist of Estrogen Receptor α (ERα).
71 citations
,
February 2000 in “Endocrinology and metabolism/American journal of physiology: endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that topical estradiol inhibits hair growth in mice by preventing the hair follicle's transition from resting to growth phase, a process reversible with an estrogen receptor antagonist.
38 citations
,
May 2010 in “American Journal Of Pathology” In this study, prolonged systemic administration of 17β-estradiol in castrated male mice delayed wound healing by inhibiting re-epithelialization and reducing collagen accumulation, with estrogen receptor-α likely mediating this effect.
23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.
19 citations
,
March 1998 in “Endocrinology” This study found that sex differences in somatostatin biosynthesis in rat hypothalamic neurons develop between postnatal day 1 and 5, influenced by the conversion of testosterone to estrogen.
In this study, researchers observed that estrogen and its receptors play a crucial role in hair growth and control, with notable sex-dependent differences in human scalp hair follicles.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” This study found that early postnatal androgen activity affects the long-term expression of hormone receptors differently in female Wistar rats, influencing neural system programming during development.
149 citations
,
January 2011 in “Nature reviews. Urology” Hormonal interactions, especially involving DHT and estrogen, play a key role in BPH development and treatment.
13 citations
,
August 2016 in “Reproduction” In this study, nandrolone decanoate treatment in rats caused persistent diestrus and altered steroid receptor expression and sex hormones, especially at higher doses, with partial reversibility at lower doses over time.
This study found that a complex extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen improved menopause symptoms in an ovariectomized rat model by enhancing blood lipid metabolism and reducing osteoporosis, without increasing risks of side effects like endometriosis, unlike conventional hormone-replacement therapy.
February 2023 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that testosterone contributed to increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular damage in female mice, linked with decreased estrogen receptor expression, and suggests implications for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome or those taking testosterone.
December 2015 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)” This study found that estrogen treatment induced premature catagen and apoptosis in hair follicles of wild-type mice, while having no effect on mice lacking estrogen receptor α.
59 citations
,
January 2005 in “Endocrine Journal” This study found that sex steroid hormone receptors are largely maintained during the transformation of skin appendages to neoplasms, except for androgen and estrogen receptors in sweat and sebaceous gland tumors.
3 citations
,
July 2013 in “Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry” This study found that topically applied Chinese black tea extract, when fermented and combined with capsaicin, significantly promoted hair growth in mice, potentially involving estrogen receptor interactions.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.
This review summarizes recent genetic research on hidradenitis suppurativa, highlighting potential therapeutic targets and genetic mutations, but reports no new clinical findings.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “Environmental health perspectives” This study found that several preservatives, including triclocarban and triclosan, showed potential endocrine-disrupting effects on various nuclear receptors in both in silico and in vitro models.
13 citations
,
November 2019 in “Scientific reports” This study found that inhibiting 5α-reductase in molluscs provokes a specific shell morphology, suggesting gastropods might have unique 5α-reductase substrates absent in vertebrates.
November 2023 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This article reviews the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes as a therapeutic approach for androgenic alopecia, noting their advantages over traditional cell therapy in repairing and regenerating hair follicles to address hair loss.
18 citations
,
November 2021 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This review examines the skin manifestations associated with COVID-19 but reports no new clinical findings, emphasizing the need for differential diagnoses to correlate skin symptoms with the virus.
10 citations
,
October 2018 in “Sexual medicine reviews” This review discusses sexual side effects in men with androgenic alopecia treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and reports no new clinical findings.
14 citations
,
April 2021 in “Biology” This study found that ethanol extract of Tubtim Chumphae rice bran downregulates SRD5A gene expression, similarly to finasteride, suggesting potential use as an anti-hair loss product.
218 citations
,
December 2011 in “Advances in Urology” This review discusses the biochemical properties and clinical significance of 5 alpha-reductase isozymes and reports no new clinical results.