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Glossary Epidermal Hyperplasia

abnormal increase in skin cell layers, causing thickened skin

Epidermal Hyperplasia, also known as epidermal thickening, is a condition where the outer layer of the skin (epidermis) undergoes an abnormal increase in the number of cells, leading to a thicker skin layer. This can be a response to chronic irritation, inflammation, or certain skin disorders, and may present as rough, scaly patches on the skin. For professionals, it is important to note that this condition can be indicative of underlying issues such as psoriasis or chronic eczema.

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research Epidermal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Production Is Required for Permeability Barrier Homeostasis, Dermal Angiogenesis, and the Development of Epidermal Hyperplasia

100 citations , August 2008 in “American Journal Of Pathology”

This study found that epidermal VEGF is crucial for maintaining skin barrier function in mice and may help explain psoriasis development following skin trauma due to its effects on angiogenesis and hyperplasia.

research Epidermal hyperplasia and oral carcinoma in mice overexpressing the transcription factor ATF3 in basal epithelial cells

31 citations , February 2007 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

This study found that transgenic mice overexpressing human ATF3 showed hyperplastic and dysplastic changes in epithelial tissues, with a high incidence of oral cancer, suggesting potential oncogenic properties of ATF3.

research Inducible expression of gasdermin A3 in the epidermis causes epidermal hyperplasia and skin inflammation

12 citations , July 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study found that overexpression of Gsdma3 in mice led to epidermal hyperplasia, skin inflammation, and hair growth defects, suggesting gain-of-function mutations in Gsdma3 cause these conditions.

research Depletion of Gsdma1/2/3 alleviates PMA-induced epidermal hyperplasia by inhibiting the EGFR–Stat3/Akt pathway

6 citations , December 2023 in “Journal of Molecular Cell Biology”

In this study, Gsdma1/2/3 knockout mice showed reduced epidermal hyperplasia and inflammation when induced by PMA, which was attributed to decreased EGFR-Stat3/Akt signaling due to a decrease in related ligands.

research Conditional epidermal expression of TGFβ1 blocks neonatal lethality but causes a reversible hyperplasia and alopecia

103 citations , July 2001 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that conditional expression of TGFβ1 in mice affects epidermal and hair follicle growth, with chronic expression causing severe alopecia and a negative feedback loop involving Smad7.

research Loss of epidermal PLCg1 induced sebaceous gland hyperplasia and sparse hair

April 2017 in “Journal of dermatological science”

This study found that while epidermal PLCγ1 is not necessary for keratinocyte differentiation in interfollicular epidermis, it is crucial for normal hair and sebaceous gland formation in mice.

research The Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor Is Expressed by Epithelial Cells with Proliferative Potential in Human Epidermis and Skin Appendages: Correlation of Increased Expression with Epidermal Hyperplasia

128 citations , March 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Increased IGF-1R expression is linked to thicker skin growth.

research Targeted transgenic expression of the mutation causing Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome leads to proliferative and degenerative epidermal disease

85 citations , March 2008 in “Journal of Cell Science”

This study created transgenic mouse models with the LMNA gene mutation common in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, revealing skin and teeth abnormalities related to transgene expression levels.

research Requirement of zinc transporter ZIP10 for epidermal development: Implication of the ZIP10–p63 axis in epithelial homeostasis

59 citations , October 2017 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that the zinc transporter ZIP10 is crucial for epidermal development, as it influences the activity of p63, promoting epidermal morphogenesis.

research Abnormal differentiation of epidermis in transgenic mice constitutively expressing cyclooxygenase-2 in skin

201 citations , May 2001 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

This study found that transgenic expression of COX-2 in mouse basal keratinocytes causes epidermal hyperplasia and certain dysplastic features at specific body sites.

research Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor-1 induces hyperplasia, dermal abnormalities, and spontaneous tumor formation in transgenic mice

147 citations , April 1997 in “Oncogene”

This study found that transgenic mice expressing IGF-1 in their skin showed significant skin changes, early hair follicle generation, and a higher propensity to develop tumors after chemical promotion, suggesting IGF-1's role in skin carcinogenesis.

research Roles of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Epidermal and Hair Follicle Development, Homeostasis, and Cancer

72 citations , November 2017 in “Journal of developmental biology”

This review discusses the role of Hedgehog signaling in epidermal and hair follicle development and its involvement in basal cell carcinoma, without reporting new empirical findings.

research The human cysteine protease cathepsin V can compensate for murine cathepsin L in mouse epidermis and hair follicles

51 citations , January 2004 in “European Journal of Cell Biology”

Human cathepsin V can replace mouse cathepsin L to maintain normal skin and hair in mice.

research Epidermal abnormalities and increased malignancy of skin tumors in human epidermal keratin 8‐expressing transgenic mice

49 citations , August 2004 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study found that transgenic mice expressing human keratin K8 in the epidermis showed increased progression of skin lesions toward malignancy, suggesting a role for K8 in the development of invasive skin cancer.

research Severe follicular hyperplasia and spontaneous papilloma formation in transgenic mice expressing theneu oncogene under the control of the bovine keratin 5 promoter

47 citations , January 1998 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

This study observed that targeted expression of the neu oncogene in transgenic mice led to significant epidermal hyperplasia and a carcinoma-like appearance, suggesting a crucial role for erbB2 signaling in epidermal proliferation and carcinogenesis.

research Targeted expression of activated erbB-2 to the epidermis of transgenic mice elicits striking developmental abnormalities in the epidermis and hair follicles.

35 citations , April 1998 in “PubMed”

This study found that activating the erbB-2 oncogene in transgenic mice led to severe skin abnormalities and fatal defects, indicating erbB-2's significant role in skin and hair follicle development.

research Cutaneous Lesions in the Rat Following Administration of an Irreversible Inhibitor of erbB Receptors, Including the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor

21 citations , April 2008 in “Toxicologic Pathology”

This study found that CI-1033 caused skin lesions in rats that resemble effects seen in humans receiving EGF receptor inhibitors, suggesting this animal model can help explore the mechanisms behind this cutaneous toxicity.

research Role of bulge epidermal stem cells and TSLP signaling in psoriasis

19 citations , September 2019 in “EMBO molecular medicine”

This study found that deletion of c-Jun and JunB in mouse bulge hair follicle stem cells was sufficient to trigger psoriasis-like skin disease through thymic stromal lymphopoietin signaling.

research Expression of keratins K6 and K16 in regenerating mouse epidermis is less restricted by cell replication than the expression of K1 and K10.

13 citations , July 1994 in “PubMed”

This study found that TPA treatment induced expression of keratins K6 and K16 in mouse epidermis, with K6 expressed across all cell layers and K16 only in post-mitotic cells.

research Alterations in the expression of specific epidermal keratin markers in the hairless mouse by the topical application of the tumor promoters 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

12 citations , January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis”

This study found that a single application of TCDD on the skin of hairless mice altered epidermal differentiation, changing keratin expression patterns similarly to a known tumor promoter.

research Hair follicle epithelial stem cells contribute to interfollicular epidermis during homeostasis

1 citations , July 2025 in “JCI Insight”

This study found that Krox20 marks a diverse stem cell population in mouse hair follicles, which significantly contributes to the interfollicular epidermis and regulates epidermal homeostasis.

research SPT6 maintains epidermal homeostasis by inhibiting an NF-κB-positive feedback loop to prevent excessive inflammation

April 2026 in “Cellular and Molecular Immunology”

In a conditional knockout mouse model, this study found that loss of the transcription elongation factor SPT6 in basal keratinocytes led to psoriasis-like skin inflammation and delayed wound healing, suggesting SPT6 plays a crucial role in maintaining epidermal immune quiescence by suppressing proinflammatory NF-κB signaling.

Dermal EZH2 Simultaneously Orchestrates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Dependent Dermal Differentiation and Retinoic Acid Signaling Dependent Epidermal Proliferation During Murine Skin Development

research Dermal EZH2 simultaneously orchestrates Wnt/β-catenin signaling dependent dermal differentiation and retinoic acid signaling dependent epidermal proliferation during murine skin development

November 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study found that the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, particularly its component Ezh2, is crucial in regulating dermal fibroblast differentiation and epidermal keratinocyte proliferation during murine skin development.

research 269 Down-regulatory role of cholecystokinin on psoriatic epidermal inflammation

April 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that sulfated CCK octapeptide reduces psoriasis-like skin inflammation in mice, suggesting a new pathophysiological role for CCK in regulating epidermal inflammation.

research Keratinocyte-specific ablation of the NF-κB regulatory protein A20 (TNFAIP3) reveals a role in the control of epidermal homeostasis

76 citations , May 2011 in “Cell death and differentiation”

This study found that the enzyme A20 helps regulate EDAR-induced NF-κB signaling in mice, preventing ectodermal abnormalities like disheveled hair and assuring proper skin and appendage development.

research Upregulation of interfollicular epidermal and hair infundibulum β-catenin expression in Gsdma3 mutant mice

11 citations , June 2012 in “Acta histochemica”

This study found that Gsdma3 mutations in mice led to thicker skin and longer hair infundibula, possibly by negatively regulating β-catenin expression in the epidermis.

research Inducible cre-mediated N-ras activation and PTEN inactivation in transgenic mouse melanocytes requires keratinocyte hyperplasia to elicit a melanocyte pathology

January 2005 in “Enlighten: Publications (The University of Glasgow)”

In this transgenic mouse study, preliminary findings suggest that overt melanocyte hyperplasia may require prior keratinocyte hyperplasia, indicating a potential role for keratinocyte mutation in early melanoma development.

research Deregulated expression of E2F1 induces hyperplasia and cooperates with ras in skin tumor development

136 citations , March 1998 in “Oncogene”

This study found that transgenic mice overexpressing E2F1 in their epidermis developed skin tumors, confirming in vivo that deregulated E2F1 activity can contribute to tumor development.

research Physiological and retinoid-induced proliferations of epidermis basal keratinocytes are differently controlled

127 citations , July 2002 in “EMBO journal”

This study found that RXRα/RARγ heterodimers are necessary for retinoic acid-induced keratinocyte proliferation in the skin, while normal epidermal maintenance does not require RAR-mediated signaling.

research Genetically null mice reveal a central role for epidermal growth factor receptor in the differentiation of the hair follicle and normal hair development.

107 citations , June 1997 in “PubMed”

In this study, disrupting the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice led to abnormal hair and skin development, characterized by disorganized hair follicles and systemic disease, providing a model for understanding EGFR's role in skin biology.