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Men and women get COVID-19 at similar rates, but men tend to get sicker and have a higher risk of dying, while women usually have stronger immune responses and vaccine reactions.

New targeted immunotherapies are improving treatment for inflammatory skin diseases.

Leptin, a hormone from fat cells, affects immune responses and can influence skin diseases and hair growth.

Different types of cell death affect skin health and inflammation, and understanding them could improve treatments for skin diseases.

Tinea capitis is increasingly common in elderly women and requires accurate diagnosis with fungal cultures for effective treatment.

Leptin-deficient mice, used as a model for Type 2 Diabetes, have delayed wound healing due to impaired contraction and other dysfunctional cellular responses.

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a skin disease caused by the breakdown of the skin's natural immune barriers, especially around hair follicles.

Antigen presenting cells around hair follicles are crucial in SLE-related hair loss.

New regenerative treatments for hair loss show promise but need more research for confirmation.

Autophagy helps keep skin healthy and may improve treatments for skin diseases.

Oral lichen planus is a chronic disease causing mouth discomfort and sometimes needs immunosuppressive treatment.

Niosomes are the most effective at delivering drugs to the skin with minimal absorption into the body.

Mast cells and CD8 T cells interact closely in skin diseases, affecting each other's behavior and contributing to conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

Different immune cells like platelets, mast cells, neutrophils, macrophages, T cells, B cells, and innate lymphoid cells all play roles in skin wound healing, but more research is needed due to inconsistent results and the complex nature of the immune response.

Enzymes called PADIs play a key role in hair growth and loss.

Our microbiome may affect the development of the hair loss condition Alopecia Areata, but more research is needed to understand this relationship.

A new vaccine using a porous scaffold boosts immunity and protects against the flu better than traditional methods.

Zebrafish are useful for studying and developing treatments for human skin diseases.

Fat-derived stem cells show promise for treating skin issues and improving wound healing, but more research is needed to confirm the best way to use them.

Hataedock treatment improved skin health and reduced atopic dermatitis symptoms by enhancing the skin barrier and reducing inflammation.

Raccoon dogs in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were found with sarcoptic mange, showing severe skin issues and potential for spreading the disease.

DCPA is a chronic skin condition affecting the legs, often misdiagnosed, and needs more research for better understanding and treatment.

The chapter explains common scalp conditions, including infections, infestations, and tumors.

Recognizing specific skin features helps diagnose and manage lupus erythematosus effectively.

Long COVID causes a wide range of long-lasting symptoms that change over time and are hard to diagnose and treat.

The document concludes that understanding hair follicle histology and the hair cycle is crucial for diagnosing alopecia.

Para-aminobenzoic acid in hair supplements can cause autoimmune hepatitis.

The man was diagnosed with stage III multiple myeloma and treated to improve kidney function.

EPF can occur without visible pustules.

Lactic acid cream can help improve skin bumps known as eruptive vellus hair cysts.