2170 citations
,
September 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” This updated guideline from the Endocrine Society highlights the importance of endocrinologists in providing safe and effective hormone regimens for gender-affirming care, especially for adolescents who have entered puberty.
855 citations
,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
515 citations
,
April 2003 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for menopausal women, emphasizing DHEA's unique ability to convert into sex steroids only in targeted tissues, and reports no new clinical results.
343 citations
,
October 2015 in “Endocrine Practice” This review discusses the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and highlights the need for comprehensive clinical assessment, but does not report new clinical findings.
166 citations
,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” This review discusses the effects of hormonal treatments on the physical and mental health of transgender individuals, reporting significant reductions in mental health issues following treatment, but calls for more research on long-term and nonbinary outcomes.
148 citations
,
April 2018 in “Environmental Research” This study found that hair products used by Black women and children in the U.S. contain multiple chemicals associated with endocrine disruption and asthma, highlighting potential exposure disparities and a need for improved labeling.
135 citations
,
August 1994 in “Clinical Endocrinology” In this study of women with hirsutism or androgenic alopecia, diverse underlying endocrine disorders including polycystic ovaries and various enzyme deficiencies were detected, often associated with elevated testosterone levels.
108 citations
,
January 2010 in “International Journal of Andrology” This study concluded that mixtures of weak endocrine disruptors, such as parabens and azole fungicides, can produce combination effects that should be considered in regulatory risk assessments to avoid underestimating potential risks.
100 citations
,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This article reviews how various hormones may affect female sexual function and provides recommendations for diagnosing and treating endocrinologic sexual difficulties, but it reports no new clinical results.
97 citations
,
April 2016 in “Andrology” This review discusses the etio-pathogenetic factors in benign prostatic hyperplasia and their role in the development of lower urinary tract symptoms but reports no new research findings.
89 citations
,
March 2001 in “Endocrine practice” This article provides diagnosis and treatment guidelines for hyperandrogenic disorders in women but reports no new clinical results; it offers a summary of accepted scientific information and suggestions for clinical practice.
88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” This review discusses the diagnosis, management, and hormone treatment of transsexual individuals, and examines the risks and effects of cross-sex hormone therapy without presenting new clinical results.
70 citations
,
February 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” This review provides an analysis of the physiological and pathological aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory dimensions, but reports no new clinical results.
68 citations
,
May 2021 in “Endocrine” This review discusses the emerging "endocrine phenotype" of COVID-19, highlighting the implications for managing diabetes, obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and other endocrine conditions in affected patients.
68 citations
,
March 1965 in “The BMJ” Hormones and genetics affect hair growth and patterns, with some changes reversible and others not.
67 citations
,
April 2018 in “JAMA Dermatology” This study found that endocrine therapy for breast cancer is associated with a pattern of hair loss similar to androgenetic alopecia, negatively impacting quality of life despite mild severity.
54 citations
,
March 2009 in “BioEssays” This review discusses the complex hormonal control of keratin expression in skin and its potential implications for treating skin and hair disorders, but reports no new clinical results.
53 citations
,
April 2016 in “PubMed” This review discusses the relationship between PCOS and hirsutism, exploring inflammatory markers and treatment options, and concludes that combining metformin with OCP may benefit both normal weight and obese PCOS patients.
51 citations
,
July 2010 in “Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism” This review discusses prolactin production and regulation in human skin and hair follicles, highlighting its potential broader implications but reports no new empirical results.
51 citations
,
February 2004 in “Environmental Health Perspectives” This article analyzes various cases of weak or low-dose endocrine effects in laboratory animals and highlights challenges in data interpretation due to variability among controls, but reports no new experimental findings.
48 citations
,
September 2013 in “Oncologist” This study reported that alopecia is a common but often underreported side effect of endocrine-based cancer therapies, with tamoxifen showing the highest incidence of hair loss among analyzed treatments.
46 citations
,
July 1988 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses various skin lesions associated with endocrinologic disorders such as Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency, and it reports no new clinical results.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This article reviews the use of cross-sex hormonal therapy in transmen and reports that it is reasonably safe, suggesting monitoring should be frequent initially but can be less frequent over time.
45 citations
,
November 2015 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This review discusses the potential hormonal and metabolic factors influencing hidradenitis suppurativa and highlights the need for further research to explore hormonal dysregulation's role in the disease.
44 citations
,
February 2017 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that postmenopausal women with lichen planopilaris showed a high prevalence of androgen excess, while women with frontal fibrosing alopecia were often associated with androgen deficiency.
42 citations
,
July 2010 in “European Journal of Cell Biology” This study found that thyroid hormones T3 and T4 enhance keratin 15 promoter activity and stimulate CD200 expression in epithelial stem cells from human scalp hair follicles, affecting their growth and differentiation.
41 citations
,
June 2016 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” This review discusses the role of hormonal dysregulation and metabolic syndrome in hidradenitis suppurativa and reports no new clinical results.
37 citations
,
December 2003 in “Reproductive Toxicology” The researchers reported that the rat Hershberger assay reliably detected endocrine-disrupting effects of finasteride, procymidone, and 17α-methyltestosterone, validating the assay's sensitivity for identifying hormonal activity.
34 citations
,
July 2006 in “Clinics in dermatology” This article reviews dermatological manifestations of endocrine diseases in dogs, such as hypothyroidism and hyperadrenocorticism, but reports no new clinical findings.
31 citations
,
January 2014 in “Journal of endocrinological investigation” This study reviewed Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome and found it consistently associated with hypogonadism, decreased IGF1, and frontotemporal alopecia, with additional symptoms like intellectual disabilities and diabetes in some patients.