May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that the newly developed transdermal oil body microgel emulsion (OBEME) improved wound healing in mice by enhancing skin permeability, reducing inflammation, and promoting new blood vessel formation and re-epithelialization.
202 citations
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June 2005 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” This review discusses the potential of lecithin organogels for improving topical drug delivery and presents no new experimental results; the authors highlight their stability and low skin irritancy as advantages.
3 citations
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October 2014 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” This study found that an optimized microemulsion for minoxidil with high solubility, permeation flux, and skin deposition can be achieved with specific low and high levels of certain surfactants and co-solvents.
2 citations
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November 2009 in “Korean journal of chemical engineering” This study found that the nonionic surfactant Brij 78 stabilized cationic minoxidil microparticles against aggregation, maintaining their substantivity in the presence of excess anionic surfactant.
October 2025 in “Coloration Technology” In this study, a new delipidisation method that removes over 97% of key lipids from wool rapidly and without yellowing was reported to improve wool processing and printing quality.
16 citations
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June 2015 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” This study found that a gelatin microparticle-containing self-microemulsifying formulation combined with Soluplus improved the oral absorption of dutasteride.
14 citations
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January 2025 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” This review highlights the promising potential of microemulsions and nanoemulsions in (trans)dermal drug delivery, noting a gap in understanding their distinct mechanisms and composition-related effects on skin permeability, while emphasizing the limited clarity on mesostructures and cosolvent impacts.
46 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Caffeine and siloxanetriol alginate caffeine in emulsion form can reduce fatty cell size and number, potentially treating cellulite effectively.
October 2023 in “Journal of Molecular Liquids” This study demonstrated that imidazole-based ionic liquids, particularly [Emim]DEP, effectively dissolved yak hair keratin, maintaining its structure better than other tested solvents, and also performed well on human hair and goat wool, with consistent performance even after five recycling cycles.
March 2026 in “Pharmaceutics” This review discusses therapeutic deep eutectic solvents as promising "green" solutions for enhancing drug solubility and delivery through the skin, reporting no new clinical results and highlighting future research directions.
May 2023 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation”
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” In this study, a new emulsion containing CBD and ginger root extract significantly reduced symptoms of dry and eczema-prone skin, such as erythema and itching, in a clinical trial.
18 citations
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October 2019 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that finasteride microemulsions significantly increased skin permeability in vitro, highlighting the potential for enhanced delivery of this drug through the skin.
117 citations
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November 2008 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy” This review discusses the use of microemulsions for transdermal drug delivery and emphasizes the importance of component selection for enhancing drug permeation and skin tolerance, without reporting new clinical results.
43 citations
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July 2017 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This study found that anionic HSES achieved high complexation efficiencies with various steroids, significantly enhancing their solubility, while specific β-cyclodextrin thioethers showed selective binding to testosterone and estradiol.
March 2026 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Analysis” In this study, researchers developed a polyherbal emulgel for topical use in managing rheumatoid arthritis and found that formulation F3 provided optimal drug release and stability, indicating it may be an effective alternative with improved patient compliance.
January 2021 in “Social Science Research Network” In this study, researchers developed and optimized ethanol-free microemulsion systems for transdermal finasteride delivery, finding that the predicted formulations closely matched their physical and chemical characteristics, potentially reducing adverse effects compared to oral administration.
August 2005 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” Polymethylene wax in hair relaxers makes hair smooth and shiny with less damage.
December 2023 in “Journal of molecular structure” This study found that hair membrane fluidity is low in the cuticle but high in the cortex and medulla, with treatments like ionic surfactants and oleic acid increasing fluidity in hydrated hair; however, dehydration significantly reduces fluidity throughout the hair.
105 citations
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April 2017 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” In this study, ethosomes were found to improve the skin penetration of a model lipophilic drug more effectively than liposomes or hydroethanolic solutions, suggesting a unique mechanism involving the breakdown of vesicles in the skin.
8 citations
,
November 2019 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” This work explores using a liquid crystalline phase to stabilize benzoyl peroxide nanosuspensions, suggesting a promising method to potentially reduce the side effects of acne treatments.
19 citations
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May 2010 in “Surface and interface analysis” This study found that a conditioner treatment using 18-MEA combined with a specific cationic surfactant effectively restored hydrophobicity and reduced friction on damaged hair surfaces.
4 citations
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January 2006 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that scanning electron microscopy with argon sputter etching visualizes hair lipids at the cell membrane complex as distinctive convex structures, shedding light on their role and localization in human hair.
1 citations
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January 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study successfully developed and optimized ethanol-free microemulsion systems for the transdermal delivery of finasteride, showing that the predicted optimal formulations had physicochemical characteristics close to estimated values, without significant damage to treated hair fibers.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Cosmetics” This study found that washing hair with surfactants reduces the internal density of hair due to cuticle lifting, and suggests that a cuticle-sealing strategy can inhibit this effect and maintain hair homeostasis.
1 citations
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January 2004 in “China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics” This study found that tea-seed saponin modified silicone polymer quaternary ammonium salt significantly improves hair conditioning performance in both dry and wet states when used in shampoo formulations.
December 2025 in “Processes” This study found that minoxidil had the highest solubility in shea butter, stearic acid, and rosemary oil, suggesting these natural oils may improve drug loading and encapsulation efficiency in lipid nanocarrier formulations for potential hair growth applications.
January 1996 in “Journal of Society of Cosmetic Chemists of Japan” This article reports preliminary findings on developing a stable emulsion-based semi-permanent hair dye by optimizing emulsification methods, surfactants, and conditioning ingredients.
This study suggests that a candlenut oil nanoemulsion formulation could enhance hair growth activity in Sprague Dawley rats, with stability for up to 14 days at room temperature.
July 2024 in “Revista Científica de Estética e Cosmetologia” This study aimed to develop a dermocosmetic exfoliating formulation using babassu fibers for androgenetic alopecia treatment, but found that although the formulation met sensory standards, it was unstable in sunlight and heat, suggesting a need for optimization before commercialization.