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Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

Removing one ovary helped treat a woman's severe PCOS symptoms when medicine didn't work.

A woman's severe male hormone excess was caused by a small, hard-to-find ovarian tumor.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Finasteride doesn't affect hormone levels in normal men.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone play a role in women's health issues like excess hair and baldness, and treatments blocking these hormones may help.

Testosterone improves mood and thinking skills; finasteride has no effect.

Postmenopausal women with hyperandrogenism didn't have better metabolic health even after their testosterone levels became normal.

Testosterone treatment can improve sexual function and bone density in women but may have adverse effects and requires more research on safety and guidelines.

Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.

Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.

Men with less sun-sensitive skin have lower PSA levels, while men with more sun-sensitive skin have higher PSA levels.

Finasteride-treated male rats' offspring had altered glucose metabolism, potentially increasing diabetes risk.

The document concludes that careful evaluation is needed to diagnose PCOS correctly due to similar symptoms in other conditions, and accurate testosterone level measurement is crucial.

Surgery to lower high testosterone in postmenopausal women with certain ovarian tumors doesn't significantly affect their metabolism.

Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.

A boy with a rare form of early puberty caused by a new gene mutation responded well to treatment aimed at reducing testosterone and preserving adult height.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a big role in acne, but most acne sufferers don't have a hormone disorder. Hormonal treatments, including birth control pills, can be very effective for women whose acne doesn't improve with regular treatments.

Lifestyle changes improve reproductive function and hormonal balance in obese women with PCOS.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

High doses of finasteride cause cell growth and tumors in mice.

A postmenopausal woman's hair loss and excess hair growth improved after surgery for ovarian hyperthecosis.

Finasteride causes abnormal growth in male mice cells at high doses.

Vitamin E helps reduce PCOS symptoms and improves hormonal balance.

A postmenopausal woman's facial redness, acne, and excess hair were caused by too much hormone therapy for insomnia, but improved after stopping the treatment.

Blocking the enzyme 5α-reductase can shrink the prostate and help treat enlarged prostate issues.

Dihydrotestosterone causes p27 protein breakdown in ovarian and breast cancer cells by binding with SKP2.

Ovarian Leydig cell tumors are hard to diagnose with just advanced imaging; expert ultrasound and clinical evaluation are essential.