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The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Some women with PCOS have CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variants, but these genetic factors are not major contributors to PCOS.

Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

The conclusion is that recognizing hair growth cycles can improve the precision of dietary and health assessments from hair analysis.

Phototrichogram and hair diameter measurements are effective, noninvasive ways to assess hair growth and detect early hair loss, with the most common pattern being reduced hair density.

Hormones and stretching both needed for nipple area skin growth in mice.

Prolactin affects hair growth cycles and can cause early hair follicle regression.

The conclusion is that hirsutism is strongly linked to PCOS and higher levels of certain hormones, but not to DHEAS, prolactin, cortisol, or TSH.

The woman's high testosterone levels indicated PCOS, leading to treatment that improved her symptoms.

Low-dose spironolactone is safe and effective for treating hirsutism.

High fasting insulin levels in women with PCOS are linked to a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.

Women with androgenetic alopecia (hair loss) have normal prostate specific antigen levels but higher testosterone levels.

Blood AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS than in those with other similar conditions.

Androgen levels do not determine the type of PCOS symptoms in young females.

Women with female pattern hair loss have higher levels of certain androgens, suggesting increased androgen exposure to hair follicles.

Women with hair loss have higher androgen levels, while men with early balding have altered androgen ratios.

Weight loss and metformin don't significantly change vaspin levels in women with PCOS.

A young woman's symptoms suggested PCOS, but tests and surgery confirmed and treated a rare ovarian tumor, resolving her condition.

The conclusion is that accurately identifying the cause of high androgen levels in women with PCOS is crucial and requires specific tests.

Certain gene variations in AKT2 are more common in women with PCOS and are linked to higher levels of specific hormones and symptoms.

High levels of male hormones are very common in women with PCOS and affect their metabolism differently depending on their weight.

Two women with very high androgen levels had only slight skin issues, one due to a non-classical adrenal disorder and the other due to an adrenal tumor.

People with PCOS have higher levels of PAI-1, which may increase their risk of heart disease and fertility issues.

High androgen levels can cause excessive hair growth and may indicate serious health issues, including heart disease and fertility problems.

Using 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels to diagnose nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia can result in many incorrect diagnoses.

Vitamin D may help reduce antibody levels in men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia, but has no significant impact on thyroid function.

Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain blood clotting factors, suggesting a greater risk of cardiovascular issues.

Men with male pattern hair loss have different levels of certain hormones compared to men without hair loss.

A postmenopausal woman's hirsutism and high testosterone levels improved after surgery for an ovarian tumor not seen on ultrasound.