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Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.

TGF-β is crucial for tissue repair and can cause diseases if not properly regulated.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

The peptide GHK-Cu helps heal and remodel tissue, improves skin and hair health, and has potential for treating age-related inflammatory diseases.

Postpartum depression is linked to changes in brain chemicals, inflammation, stress, and certain genes, and can potentially be identified by markers like specific steroids, serotonin levels, and vitamin D levels.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Prolactin contributes to hair loss by promoting hair follicle shrinkage and cell death.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Finasteride effectively treats baldness but may cause sexual side effects.

New targets for making and using brain-synthesized steroids could lead to better treatments for brain disorders and alcoholism.

Minoxidil is the only FDA-approved topical drug for treating male or female pattern hair loss, and other medications like finasteride and dutasteride can also increase hair growth.

PDGFA/AKT signaling is important for the growth and maintenance of certain skin fat cells.

The sebaceous gland has more roles than just producing sebum and contributing to acne, and new research could lead to better skin disease treatments.

No treatment fully prevents hair loss from chemotherapy yet.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

Environmental factors, hormones, nutrition, and stress all significantly affect skin health and aging.

Fat cells are important for healthy skin, hair growth, and healing, and changes in these cells can affect skin conditions and aging.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

5α-reductase inhibitors can cause sexual problems, higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and depression.

Finasteride use changes brain chemicals, causing lasting sexual issues and anxiety/depression.

S5αR inhibitors might help treat schizophrenia and other mental disorders but need more research.

Vitamin D3 affects cell differentiation in specific skin areas.

Low-dose finasteride may cause lasting sexual dysfunction and suicidal thoughts in young men.

Some breast cancer chemotherapy can cause permanent hair loss.

Overexpressing the mineralocorticoid receptor in mouse skin causes skin thinning, early skin barrier development, eye issues, and hair loss.

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

Neurosteroids show promise for treating epilepsy and more research is needed.

Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.

The balance between androgen receptor and p53 is crucial for sebaceous gland differentiation.