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Apple polyphenol, especially oligomeric procyanidins, can reduce fat absorption and lower blood fat levels.

Ectodin integrates BMP, SHH, and FGF signals in developing ectodermal organs.

Visible light can damage skin and most sunscreens don't block it well; more research is needed on its effects and protection methods.

The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.

AXR3 and SHY2 genes control the growth and timing of root hair development in plants.

K_ATP channel gene mutations are linked to heart diseases, but more research is needed to understand the connection and treatment potential.

Keratose, derived from human hair, is a non-toxic biomaterial good for tissue regeneration and integrates well with body tissues.

Liposomes improve drug delivery and reduce skin irritation in dermatology.

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

Understanding how cells die in the skin is important for treating skin diseases and preventing hair loss.

Estrogens help reduce skin aging, and SERMs might offer similar benefits without the risks of hormone therapy.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Smoking harms the skin, causing early aging and increasing cancer risk, but stopping smoking can improve skin health.

Lignans and neolignans from plants may help protect against various health issues, including cancer and heart disease.

5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.

Growth factors are crucial for hair development and could help treat hair diseases.

Scientists made the first metal-based compounds from a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug, which showed potential in fighting both hormone-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells.

Mice studies show that Protein Phosphatase 2A is crucial for cell growth, development, and disease prevention.

Human beard hair medulla contains a unique and complex mix of keratins not found in other human tissues.

A certain smell receptor in hair follicles can affect hair growth when activated by a synthetic sandalwood scent.

PDRN helps repair tissue and improve wound healing with a high safety profile.

Procyanidin compounds from grape seeds were found to significantly increase mouse hair growth.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

The document concludes that early recognition and treatment of PCOS in adolescents is crucial for managing symptoms and long-term health risks.

S100A4 and S100A6 proteins may activate stem cells for hair follicle regeneration and could be potential targets for hair loss treatments.

Progress has been made in skin and nerve regeneration, but more research is needed to improve methods and ensure safety.

The document concludes that targeting the androgen receptor may be a promising breast cancer treatment, especially for certain types.