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This study found that minoxidil forms a reservoir in the skin, allowing sustained drug delivery even after cleansing, while propylene glycol does not.

This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.

This research found that feather pattern formation in birds is regulated by a mechanochemical system involving fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, which is altered in the flightless emu and ostrich.

This review discusses how recent studies use models and experiments to understand immune system signaling, but it reports no new clinical findings; the authors suggest strategies for improving these models.

This study developed an in vitro system to analyze human skin progenitor cells' ability to form hair peg-like structures, providing insights for engineering hair follicle organoids.

This study demonstrates that keratinocyte cell lines derived from cultured hair follicles can fully differentiate in organotypic skin models, offering a minimally invasive alternative to obtaining keratinocytes for research.

This study investigated the use of 3D cell culture technology to explore hair follicle regeneration, examining the impact of the 3D cellular environment on hair follicle morphogenesis and the effects of microwell depth on spheroid formation.

This study found that microencapsulated dermal papilla cells implanted into mice ears led to the successful regeneration of hair follicles, with APA microencapsulations of 400µm diameter allowing effective nutrient exchange.

Reducing CD8+ T cell growth can stabilize alopecia areata.

This study found that dexamethasone-loaded polymeric nanoparticles, particularly those combining ethyl cellulose with Eudragit® RS, may improve controlled release and penetration of corticosteroids into the skin and hair follicles compared to traditional methods.

This study reports that dynamic interactions between stem cells and their niche, influenced by macro-environmental factors, regulate regenerative behavior in integument pattern formation.

The study reported that combining the Follicular Closing Technique with the Franz diffusion cell is a valuable method for investigating follicular caffeine penetration in vitro, though kinetics differ from in vivo results.

This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers provided better skin-targeted delivery and drug loading for lidocaine than nanoethosomes, indicating improved local anesthetic efficacy in vitro.

This study found that caffeine and flufenamic acid penetrated porcine skin more effectively through hair follicles, while the importance of the follicular pathway varied for other substances tested.

This study found that using short durations of heat with chemical penetration enhancers improved isotretinoin delivery to human skin, especially via the hair follicles.

In this study, ethosomes were found to significantly enhance the transdermal penetration and skin accumulation of finasteride compared to liposomes and other control solutions.

This study found that minoxidil was released 50% less from creams than from lotions, with a similar release profile across different lotion formulations, suggesting a specific vehicle composition for topical use.

This study explored a new dutasteride nanocarrier for alopecia therapy, concluding that ingredient concentration is key to achieving the optimal particle size, stability, and skin permeation for extended drug release.

This study explored the in vitro skin penetration of two compounds from Tectona grandis leaf extract used for standardization and found that compound 1 penetrates more efficiently than compound 2, especially with a propylene glycol enhancer.

This study developed a nanostructured lipid carrier for 17-α-estradiol that showed stable physicochemical properties and improved targeting to hair follicles in alopecia treatment.

This study suggests that using nanostructured lipid carriers may improve the targeting of 17-α-estradiol in treating alopecia by improving skin penetration and stability.

This study concluded that niosomes could effectively serve as stable carriers for topical aminexil delivery, showing promising stability and a slow, biphasic release profile in laboratory settings.

This study concluded that QSPR models effectively predict drug skin penetration, with the Potts-Guy model showing the highest predictive accuracy for the drugs tested.

This study found that hair follicle patterning in development may arise from a combination of epidermal prepattern signals and mesenchymal self-organisation, with fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein activities playing key roles.

This study found that smaller mesoporous silica particles (400-600 nm) accumulated in skin furrows, suggesting their potential as carriers for enhancing the delivery of topical medications like metronidazole.

This study found that feather patterning is primarily self-organizing and dynamic, relying on both genetic and epigenetic controls, with implications for similar processes like fingerprints and pigmentation.

This article reviews the generation of complex integument patterns through genetic, chemical, and environmental influences, with applications in tissue engineering, but reports no new experimental results.

This study extended a skin diffusion model to include a porous pathway, effectively explaining the permeability of both polar and lipophilic solutes through the stratum corneum.

In this theoretical study, axolotl spinal cord regeneration was modeled using a reaction-diffusion process, suggesting that the control of regenerative response relies on cell sensitivity to the signal and its diffusion characteristics, laying groundwork for identifying the signaling mechanism.

This study found that the carbohydrate-based excipient β-cyclodextrin forms a stable inclusion complex with the active ingredient of Minoxicapil®, potentially enhancing its formulation for hair-loss treatment, and in vitro assays suggest improved proliferation of DPC cells, supporting its use in topical treatments.