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PCOS in lean women is a serious health condition with implications beyond fertility, affecting metabolism and increasing cardiovascular disease risk.

Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.

Androgen therapy might help some women with low libido, but it has risks and should be used carefully.

A man's neck lump was a trichilemmal cyst, not cancer, and should be fully removed due to rare risk of becoming malignant.

Certain gut bacteria may protect against alopecia areata, while others may increase the risk.

The conclusion is that a more comprehensive and precise approach is needed for diagnosing PCOS to address its broader health risks.

The April 2014 issue of "Fertility and Sterility" discussed various reproductive health topics, including hormone therapy benefits, sperm and genetic factors in male infertility, and the link between PCOS and diabetes.

Skin problems in the elderly are unique and may indicate other diseases, involving changes in skin, hair, nails, and increased cancer risk.

Iron supplements may reverse premature graying in iron-deficient individuals; ingrown nails are common in diabetics with certain risk factors; topical finasteride may reduce scalp DHT as effectively as oral finasteride; monilethrix treatment is challenging but some medications can help.

UK medical students lack dermatology education, liver biopsy patients with risk factors show more fibrosis, and certain fungi resist drugs due to melanin; genetics may influence female hair loss.

The document concludes that PCOS in adolescents is complex and requires comprehensive care to manage its symptoms and associated health risks.

Finasteride helps hair growth and prostate issues but may cause sexual side effects and increase tumor risk.

High aldosterone and free testosterone levels link to female hair loss; testing aldosterone may predict hypertension risk.

Lichen planus is a skin condition that can resolve on its own, is linked to hepatitis C, and increases the risk of skin cancer.

Nutraceuticals may improve skin health and protect against aging, but more research is needed on their optimal use and possible health risks.

Menopause reduces skin collagen and elasticity, and while estrogen therapy can help, its risks require careful consideration.

Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.

Evaluate postmenopausal women with high androgen levels using medical history, physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to manage health risks.

Non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a common disorder causing symptoms like acne and infertility, and it's managed based on symptoms, not just test results. Treatment can improve fertility and reduce miscarriage risk.

Some people experience severe, long-lasting side effects from fluoroquinolone antibiotics, leading to the recommendation of limited use and increased awareness of these risks.

Hormonal treatments are effective as a second-line option for moderate-to-severe acne in females, but should be used with caution due to health risks.

Low and ultralow doses of flutamide can cause liver damage in young women with high androgen levels, regardless of dose or birth control use, with higher risk for those with higher BMI and liver enzyme levels before treatment.

The medications 5α-reductase inhibitors and spironolactone are generally safe for breast cancer patients on endocrine therapies and do not significantly increase breast cancer risk.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

Baldness may be linked to heart disease, but the evidence isn't strong enough to consider it a major risk factor.

Megasessions in hair transplant can cover more area or increase density but need a skilled team and careful planning, and have both benefits like less downtime and risks like lower graft survival.

The document concludes that various findings in rheumatology offer insights into disease severity, treatment responses, and potential risks in medication, with some limitations due to unspecified participant numbers.

Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.

Older people in Kerala often have skin conditions, with dry skin being the most common, and certain skin issues are linked to high cholesterol and diabetes.

5-alpha reductase inhibitors may cause sexual side effects, breast complications, and other health risks in men with hair loss.