9 citations
,
January 2017 in “Ginekologia Polska” This study found that the total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio correlates with a negative metabolic profile in both women with PCOS and healthy women.
November 2025 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders” This study found that in PCOS patients, a lower TT/DHT ratio is associated with regular menstruation, while higher ratios are linked to insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for metabolic severity in these patients.
1 citations
,
October 2025 in “EBioMedicine” Women have a higher DHT/testosterone ratio than men, possibly due to gut bacteria activity.
27 citations
,
February 2017 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy” This study found that white wax and its extract may promote hair growth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase activity and increasing cell proliferation, with efficacy surpassing finasteride.
55 citations
,
March 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that finasteride decreased plasma dihydrotestosterone levels and altered steroid metabolism, similar to the profile of male pseudohermaphrodites with inherited 5a-reductase deficiency.
58 citations
,
January 2006 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” This study found that testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone induced apoptosis in dermal papilla cells from nonbalding scalp regions, suggesting a high androgen stimulus can trigger cell death related to androgenetic alopecia.
235 citations
,
September 2004 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” This review discusses the role of dihydrotestosterone in benign prostatic hyperplasia and reports no new results; the authors highlight 5alpha-reductase inhibitors as a well-established treatment option.
8 citations
,
May 1982 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” This study suggests that in rat skin, testosterone itself may play a more significant role in androgen action than 5α-dihydrotestosterone, unlike in the prostate where 5α-DHT is more dominant.
30 citations
,
April 2011 in “Rapid communications in mass spectrometry/RCM. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry” This study found that using hair steroid profiling, dutasteride treatment led to reduced dihydrotestosterone levels and DHT/testosterone ratio in patients with male-pattern baldness.
22 citations
,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” This study found that women with lower 2D:4D ratios and fewer middle-phalangeal hairs reported more adverse side effects from oral contraceptives, suggesting these features may predict hormonal contraceptive side effects.
25 citations
,
October 1993 in “American Journal of Physical Anthropology” This study observed that in Namibian/Southern African men, hormone levels, particularly estradiol, influence the growth of body hair, with different effects noted in various ethnic groups.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In this study, females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency exhibited decreased body hair, normal sebum production, and delayed menarche, suggesting a role for DHT in hair growth and menstrual function.
8 citations
,
January 1991 in “European Urology” This study found that the 5α-steroid metabolite profile in men with inherited 5α-reductase deficiency is similar to those taking the drug finasteride, suggesting the gene affects multiple steroid substrates.
1 citations
,
May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” This case report described a 9-year-old girl initially suspected to have complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, whose laboratory tests later suggested an alternative diagnosis involving atypical steroid metabolism patterns and hormonal responses.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” This review discusses the role of DHT in male sexual differentiation and fertility in individuals with 5α-reductase-2 deficiency, reporting no new clinical results.
February 2021 in “International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)” This study found that the total testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio is significantly higher in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and is associated with a worse metabolic profile in both PCOS and healthy women.
November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that a lotion containing specific plant extracts significantly increased the number of anagen hairs and the anagen/telogen ratio in subjects with androgenetic alopecia after three months of use.
63 citations
,
August 2008 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” The researchers reported that the petroleum ether extract of Cuscuta reflexa may promote hair growth in testosterone-induced alopecia in mice by inhibiting the enzyme 5α-reductase.
47 citations
,
January 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” High testosterone to epitestosterone ratio in hair could predict male-pattern baldness.
September 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study found that measuring specific steroid hormone levels can aid in diagnosing P450 oxidoreductase deficiency, a subtype of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, by distinguishing affected patients from healthy individuals.
4 citations
,
June 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility” In this pilot study, finasteride increased testosterone/dihydrotestosterone and progesterone/dihydroprogesterone ratios in normal ovulatory women but did not alter ovulation or gonadotropin secretion.
18 citations
,
May 1992 in “American Journal of Biological Anthropology” This study found no general elevation in androgen levels among men predisposed to balding, despite a correlation with the free-to-total testosterone ratio; no link was observed with acne.
14 citations
,
June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health” This study found that low doses of bisphenol A may increase proliferation of the ventral prostate in adult rats by altering the estrogen to androgen ratio and gene expression.
2 citations
,
April 2007 in “Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals” This article discusses the preparation of tritium-labeled testosterone metabolites and reports no new experimental findings.
14 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of the American Heart Association” This study found that among older men, lower calculated free testosterone was significantly associated with a higher risk of heart failure, suggesting a possible role of testosterone deficiency in heart failure incidence.
April 2025 in “Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition” In this study, creatine supplementation over 12 weeks showed no effect on androgen levels or hair follicle health in healthy young males, challenging the belief that creatine causes hair loss.
36 citations
,
June 2014 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that men with persistent sexual side effects after using finasteride for androgenetic alopecia had higher androgen receptor expression in certain tissues compared to those who never used the drug.
February 2014 in “Revista Argentina de Cardiología” In this study, testosterone was found to increase the risk of arrhythmias in a rat heart model, while finasteride reduced this arrhythmogenic effect.
32 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study found that co-delivery of minoxidil and caffeine in transfersomes with an optimized polysorbate formulation enhanced hair length and weight in vivo.
16 citations
,
February 1978 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” This study found that hamster sebaceous glands have high affinity binding sites for dihydrotestosterone, with competition from other steroids indicating specific binding characteristics.