February 2024 in “Pharmaceutical research” In this in silico study, researchers found that the hair follicle's contribution to dermal permeability of small molecules varies with the lipophilic and hydrophilic properties of substances, highlighting the need for careful characterization of substances filling the follicular route when interpreting experimental permeability data.
100 citations
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August 2008 in “American Journal Of Pathology” This study found that epidermal VEGF is crucial for maintaining skin barrier function in mice and may help explain psoriasis development following skin trauma due to its effects on angiogenesis and hyperplasia.
January 2018 in “Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin)” In this study, researchers tested various nanocarrier characteristics and found they could enhance drug delivery to specific skin areas and immune cells, potentially improving treatments for skin conditions by targeting drugs effectively.
January 2013 in “วารสารเภสัชศาสตร์อีสาน (Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IJPS)” This study found that Carthamus tinctorius extract significantly increased the length of cultured hair follicles and may be a promising topical agent for hair growth promotion with high skin permeation.
18 citations
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October 2019 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This study found that finasteride microemulsions significantly increased skin permeability in vitro, highlighting the potential for enhanced delivery of this drug through the skin.
3 citations
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January 2016 in “BioMed research international” This study found that calcium microcapsules exhibited better biocompatibility and cell viability than barium microcapsules for scaffolding in artificial dermal papilla, suggesting potential for developing new hair follicle structures.
June 2026 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that alkyl shikimates with different alkyl group structures can increase or decrease fibroblast proliferation depending on concentration and alkyl chain length, with some variants showing cytotoxic effects due to their hydrophobicity and cell membrane permeability.
3 citations
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November 2018 in “Journal of cellular physiology” In laboratory settings, this study suggests that Serenoa repens and N-acetyl glucosamine with milk proteins may promote hair follicle vascularization through specific cellular interactions and actions.
3 citations
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September 2022 in “Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology” This study reported that encapsulating minoxidil in transferosomes and transethosomes can enhance skin permeability and drug retention compared to its conventional formulation, potentially increasing efficacy in androgenic alopecia treatment while reducing side effects, especially when transethosomes contain oleic acid.
July 2023 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This review describes ethosomes as promising nanocarriers for delivering active cosmetic ingredients to the skin, potentially transforming treatments for hair loss, acne, and skin pigmentation.
December 2024 in “Chinese Chemical Letters” This study found that using hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles as carriers in a topical finasteride formulation significantly enhanced drug retention and hair regrowth in an AGA mouse model, suggesting a promising approach for treating androgenetic alopecia with reduced side effects.
September 2025 in “Cell Reports” This study found that a single instance of acute skin stretching can enhance immune surveillance and improve vaccine delivery by increasing skin permeability and promoting immune cell recruitment without causing tissue damage.
2 citations
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December 1973 in “Calcified tissue research” This study proposed a hypothesis for cutaneous calcinosis, suggesting that feeding DHT and subsequent epilation lead to ATP release and calcium orthophosphate formation, initiating calcification in rats.
14 citations
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January 2025 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” This review highlights the promising potential of microemulsions and nanoemulsions in (trans)dermal drug delivery, noting a gap in understanding their distinct mechanisms and composition-related effects on skin permeability, while emphasizing the limited clarity on mesostructures and cosolvent impacts.
2 citations
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October 2022 in “Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management” This research found that Nano-Transfersomes containing Vitamin E and aloe vera showed improved permeability and prolonged drug release compared to a marketed formulation, with no skin irritancy observed in mice, potentially offering a sustainable and biocompatible option for psoriasis management.
20 citations
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August 1997 in “PubMed” This study indicates that activating K+ channels in dermal papilla cells alone may not promote hair growth, despite some openers being effective on certain channels.
August 2025 in “Bioactive Materials” In a murine model of androgenetic alopecia, this study found that the newly designed IGF-1 biomimetic peptide Ac-GFFY-IGF led to faster and superior hair regrowth compared to minoxidil, suggesting potential for improved human therapies.
March 2021 in “CRC Press eBooks” This review discusses the cosmetic applications and healing phases of microneedling and reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight its use for skin and hair treatments without epidermal damage.
9 citations
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January 2023 in “Langmuir” This study presents a method for directly measuring the solubility of solid chemicals in the skin's stratum corneum under various humidity conditions, emphasizing its importance for dermal drug delivery and chemical safety assessments.
1 citations
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August 2024 in “Pharmaceuticals” This study found that goat placenta extract, when combined with PEGylated liposomes and microspicule gel, significantly promoted hair regrowth in patients experiencing hair loss due to chemotherapy by enhancing hair cell proliferation without causing skin irritation over a 12-week application period.
December 2025 in “Advanced Healthcare Materials” This study introduces a spherical skin model that effectively mimics key features of human skin, offering a scalable and rapid alternative for non-animal dermatological and cosmetic testing.
September 2023 in “Molecular frontiers journal” This paper highlights the growing interest in exosomes for their therapeutic and diagnostic potential in cosmetic dermatology, noting their roles in skin rejuvenation, postprocedural care, and antiaging treatments.
32 citations
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September 2018 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study extended a skin diffusion model to include a porous pathway, effectively explaining the permeability of both polar and lipophilic solutes through the stratum corneum.
17 citations
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May 2021 in “Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science” This review highlights that transferosomes, or ultradeformable lipids, show promise for improving dermal delivery, exhibiting efficient drug transport across the skin's barrier and offering potential benefits for treating chronic skin disorders with better bioavailability.
151 citations
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July 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This review discusses various strategies to enhance drug delivery through the skin barrier, highlighting liposomes as promising carriers for increased dermal concentrations in topical therapies, but reports no new research results.
6 citations
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October 2016 in “Journal of Cellular Physiology” This study found that human dermal fibroblasts can promote the viability and proliferation of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, revealing important interactions at play in hair growth.
192 citations
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March 1998 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that minoxidil significantly increases VEGF mRNA and protein expression in dermal papilla cells, suggesting a role in enhancing hair follicle vascularization in androgenetic alopecia.
92 citations
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September 2015 in “Journal of Lipid Research” This review discusses the roles of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) as an insulator, antibiotic, and regenerative tissue, highlighting its importance in systemic metabolism and immune function, but reports no new clinical results.
85 citations
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January 2007 in “Journal of Drug Targeting” This study found that liposomal formulations improved minoxidil delivery to skin layers compared to niosomes and a control solution, suggesting enhanced potential for topical hair loss treatment.
83 citations
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December 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Minoxidil boosts hair growth by targeting adenosine and possibly sulfonylurea receptor 2B.