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GlossaryCyclosporine

immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ rejection and treat autoimmune diseases

Cyclosporine, also known as cyclosporin A or CsA, is an immunosuppressive drug primarily used to prevent organ transplant rejection and to treat certain autoimmune conditions. It works by inhibiting the activity of T-cells, a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response. In dermatology, cyclosporine has been explored for its potential to treat severe cases of alopecia areata, a condition characterized by sudden hair loss.

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Identifying Novel Strategies for Treating Human Hair Loss Disorders: Cyclosporine A Suppresses the Wnt Inhibitor, SFRP1, in the Dermal Papilla of Human Scalp Hair Follicles

research Identifying Novel Strategies for Treating Human Hair Loss Disorders: Cyclosporine A Suppresses the Wnt Inhibitor, SFRP1, in the Dermal Papilla of Human Scalp Hair Follicles

68 citations, May 2018 in “PLOS Biology”

Cyclosporine A may help treat hair loss by blocking a protein that inhibits hair growth.

research Cyclosporine for Moderate-to-Severe Alopecia Areata: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety

44 citations, April 2019 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Cyclosporine showed some improvement in alopecia areata but results were not statistically significant.

research Efficacy of Combined Cyclosporine A and Ketoconazole Treatment of Anal Furunculosis

36 citations, May 2004 in “The journal of small animal practice/Journal of small animal practice”

Combining cyclosporine A and ketoconazole can effectively treat anal furunculosis in dogs, with some experiencing recurrences and mild side effects.

Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Mice: Induction by Cyclophosphamide, Inhibition by Cyclosporine A, and Modulation by Dexamethasone

research Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia in Mice: Induction by Cyclophosphamide, Inhibition by Cyclosporine A, and Modulation by Dexamethasone

36 citations, April 1994 in “PubMed”

Cyclosporine A slows down hair loss from chemotherapy in mice, while dexamethasone increases hair loss but speeds up regrowth.

research Effects of Cyclosporine A on Clinical and Histologic Abnormalities in Dogs with Sebaceous Adenitis

34 citations, January 2005 in “Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association”

Cyclosporine A can reduce inflammation in dogs with sebaceous adenitis, but ongoing treatment is needed.

research Partial Response of Severe Alopecia Areata to Cyclosporine A

30 citations, January 1999 in “Dermatology”

Cyclosporine A can help some people with severe alopecia areata regrow hair.

research Re-Evaluating Cyclosporine A as a Hair Growth–Promoting Agent in Human Scalp Hair Follicles

29 citations, March 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Cyclosporine A promotes hair growth and prolongs the active growth phase in human hair follicles, but may work differently than in rodents.

research Alopecia Areata Presenting in Two Kidney-Pancreas Transplant Recipients Taking Cyclosporine

23 citations, October 2005 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Two transplant patients on cyclosporine unexpectedly developed hair loss.

Combination Therapy with Cyclosporine and Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A in Patients with Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study with a Self-Controlled Design

research Combination Therapy with Cyclosporine and Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A in Patients with Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study with a Self-Controlled Design

21 citations, January 2013 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

The combination of cyclosporine and PUVA might help treat severe alopecia areata.

research Comparison of High-Dose Corticosteroid Pulse Therapy and Combination Therapy Using Oral Cyclosporine with Low-Dose Corticosteroid in Severe Alopecia Areata

14 citations, January 2015 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

Corticosteroid pulse therapy is more effective for severe alopecia areata than combination therapy.

research A Comparative Study of Oral Cyclosporine and Betamethasone Minipulse Therapy in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

14 citations, January 2016 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology”

Oral cyclosporine is more effective and safer than betamethasone for treating alopecia areata.

Identification of a Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase Gene Through Targeted Cytochrome P450 Complement Disruption in Sebekia Benihana

research Identification of a Cyclosporine-Specific P450 Hydroxylase Gene Through Targeted Cytochrome P450 Complement Disruption in Sebekia Benihana

13 citations, January 2013 in “Applied and Environmental Microbiology”

A gene in Sebekia benihana, CYP-sb21, is needed for a specific reaction on the drug Cyclosporine A, which could be important for hair growth without affecting the immune system.

research Cyclosporine With and Without Systemic Corticosteroids in Treatment of Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review

13 citations, April 2020 in “Dermatology and therapy”

Cyclosporine combined with corticosteroids is more effective for severe alopecia areata than cyclosporine alone.

Utility of Azathioprine, Methotrexate, and Cyclosporine as Steroid-Sparing Agents in Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study of Continuation Rates in 138 Patients

research Utility of Azathioprine, Methotrexate, and Cyclosporine as Steroid-Sparing Agents in Chronic Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study of Continuation Rates in 138 Patients

12 citations, August 2020 in “JEADV. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology/Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Azathioprine is the most continued treatment for chronic alopecia areata over a year, often with added low-dose prednisolone.

research Cyclosporine A Stimulated Hair Growth from Mouse Vibrissae Follicles in an Organ Culture Model

11 citations, September 2012 in “Journal of Nanjing Medical University”

Cyclosporine A was found to increase hair growth in mouse whisker follicles.

research Clinical Response to Combined Therapy of Cyclosporine and Prednisone

10 citations, December 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Combined prednisone and cyclosporine therapy led to excellent hair regrowth and improved well-being.

research Cyclosporine A Increases Hair Follicle Growth by Suppressing Apoptosis-Inducing Factor Nuclear Translocation: A New Mechanism

9 citations, January 2015 in “Fundamental & clinical pharmacology”

Cyclosporine A helps hair grow by blocking a process that would otherwise cause hair cells to die.

research Cyclosporine A-Induced Intracranial Thrombotic Complications: Systematic Review and Case Report

6 citations, February 2021 in “Frontiers in Neurology”

Cyclosporine-A can cause serious blood clots in the brain, so patients need careful monitoring.

research The Influence of Cyclosporine A Therapy on Sex Hormone Levels in Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

4 citations, January 1994 in “Journal of hepatology”

Cyclosporine A therapy changes sex hormone levels differently in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis.

research Structure-Guided Manipulation of the Regioselectivity of the Cyclosporine A Hydroxylase CYP-sb21 from Sebekia Benihana

3 citations, July 2020 in “Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology”

Scientists improved an enzyme to better produce a hair growth-promoting chemical from an immunosuppressant.

research Cyclosporine-Induced Gingival Hyperplasia in a Patient With Lichen Planopilaris: Misfortunes Never Come Singly

July 2023 in “Curēus”

A patient's gum problems worsened after using cyclosporine for a scalp condition, but improved with a lower dose.

research Cyclosporine A Demonstrates Bilayer Modification With Slow Kinetics

February 2018 in “Biophysical Journal”

Cyclosporine A slowly changes cell membranes, explaining some of its effects and side effects.

research Cyclosporine-Induced Alopecia: A Case Report, FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Analysis and Literature Assessment

August 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Cyclosporine may cause hair loss, so patients need monitoring.

research Comparison of Cyclosporine and Betamethasone Minipulse Therapy in Management of Alopecia Areata

July 2019 in “International journal of dermatology, venereology and leprosy sciences”

Oral cyclosporine works better than betamethasone minipulse therapy for treating Alopecia Areata.

research Combination Therapy of Alopecia Areata Using Cyclosporine and Low-Dose Corticosteroid: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

May 2015 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Combination therapy with cyclosporine and low-dose corticosteroid shows favorable long-term results for treating alopecia areata.

research Evaluation of Hair Regrowth by Cyclosporine and Minoxidil Using C3H Mouse Model

July 1995 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Cyclosporine starts hair growth faster, while minoxidil makes it last longer.

research A New Model for Cyclophosphamide-Induced Alopecia and Its Manipulation by Cyclosporine A and Topical Dexamethasone

August 1993 in “Journal of dermatological science”