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Anti-androgens are effective for female acne but less so for male-pattern hair loss, with side effects similar to birth control pills.

Caffeine can stimulate hair growth, but the best dose and frequency for hair loss treatment are still unknown.

PDE inhibitors, especially PDE4 inhibitors like apremilast, are effective for certain inflammatory skin conditions but have side effects and can be costly.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

The research found that androgens help control blood flow in the rat prostate through a specific binding site.

Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.

The article concludes that while we understand a lot about how melanocytes age and how this can prevent cancer, there are still unanswered questions about certain pathways and genes involved.

Metformin has limited effectiveness for improving PCOS symptoms and lacks clear benefits, needing more research to confirm its efficacy.

Minoxidil prolongs cell life, slows aging, and may produce longer hairs.

Using systemic drugs as creams for skin conditions shows promise, but more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and safety.

Psychotropic drugs can cause hair loss or excessive hair growth.

Heavy metals like arsenic, cadmium, and lead can increase cancer risk and worsen outcomes.

Photobiomodulation therapy using red and near-infrared light can reduce inflammation and aid in healing various conditions.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Creating stronger blockers for skin enzymes might lead to better treatment for conditions like acne and excessive hair growth.

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.

The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Some medicinal plants can help heal wounds and may lead to new treatments.

Blocking COX, especially COX-2, in the skin can reduce inflammation and pain and may help prevent skin cancer.

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

Stress can stop hair growth in mice, and treatments can reverse this effect.

Men generally have more severe COVID-19 cases and higher death rates than women due to biological differences.

Hormones, especially androgens, play a big role in acne, but most acne sufferers don't have a hormone disorder. Hormonal treatments, including birth control pills, can be very effective for women whose acne doesn't improve with regular treatments.

Skin fat helps with body temperature control and has other active roles in health.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for tissue development and has potential in regenerative medicine, but requires more research for therapeutic use.

Minoxidil helps hair growth by activating the β-catenin pathway.

The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.

New methods for skin and nerve regeneration can improve healing and feeling after burns.

Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.