December 2025 in “Cosmetics” In a laboratory study, researchers found that a novel Bioactive Crosslink Repair Complex improved both the protection and repair of chemically damaged hair, enhancing tensile strength, shine, and cuticle alignment when added to bleaching mixtures and leave-in conditioners.
April 2019 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” This study found that the acidic hair straightening formulation at pH 1.0 improved hair alignments and straightening effectiveness more than pH 2.0, but it weakened fiber strength and affected hair color and composition.
1 citations
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August 2022 in “Chemical engineering journal advances” This study demonstrated that human hair can be coated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, allowing it to be oriented and moved by a magnetic field, which may enhance drug delivery and hair care applications.
September 2019 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” This study tested the effects of protective pre-treatments on African hair and found that these treatments, combined with moderate grooming, may help maintain cuticle integrity.
36 citations
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October 2014 in “Langmuir” This study concluded that bleach treatment partly transforms the hydrophobic top layer of human hair cuticles into a hydrophilic surface with clustered cysteic acid, visualized at the nano-scale using dynamic Chemical Force Microscopy.
1 citations
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May 2009 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie” This article reviews environmental factors contributing to androgenic alopecia and emphasizes the importance of giving patients advice to manage hair loss; it reports no new clinical findings.
December 2025 in “Biopolymers” This study found that chemically treated hair, particularly when subjected to both acid straightening and bleaching, experiences more significant structural damage when exposed to heat, highlighting key changes in both the internal and surface components of hair fibers.
24 citations
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November 2015 in “Scientific reports” This study discovered a new region in the hair cortex where intermediate filaments are both aligned with the hair's axis and orientationally ordered, influenced by the cuticle boundary.
18 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” This research examined the ultrastructure of deer hair fibers and found significant variations in diameter, cuticle thickness, and intermediate filament arrangements among different fiber types.
This chapter provides an overview of the complex chemical and physical structure of the hair surface, detailing how factors like ethnicity, environmental stress, and cosmetic treatments can alter its properties and influence the adhesion of hair care products.
This study observed that treating human hair with NaOH led to partially removed cuticles, resulting in better fiber cohesion and mechanical properties similar to wool, unlike bleach or formic acid treatments, which weakened the fibers.
December 2025 in “The American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research” This study outlines how combined ultrasonic and infrared hair treatments may enhance hair restoration and performance by breaking down keratin disulfide bonds for better treatment access and sealing cuticle scales to preserve improvements, with potential applications in salon and home settings.
January 2019 in “Durham e-Theses (Durham University)” This study utilized advanced imaging techniques to quantify hair damage and dye uptake dynamics, revealing that compound penetration in hair is influenced by molecule size and lipophilicity.
62 citations
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January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identified 16 novel high sulfur KAP genes and two KAP pseudogenes on chromosome 21q23, showing expression in a specific region of the hair fiber cuticle.
April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study identified a specific genetic variant in the CCHCR1 gene that may contribute to alopecia areata through impaired keratinization, suggesting an alternative mechanism beyond autoimmune causes.
9 citations
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February 2022 in “Nature communications” This study identified KRT82 as a significant Alopecia Areata risk gene, finding that rare damaging variants are linked to elevated immune cell infiltration around hair follicles in affected individuals.
25 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” This paper reviews the surface degradation of hair and describes how combining 18-MEA with specific surfactants can maintain hydrophobicity on bleached and weathered hair surfaces.
August 2025 in “Applied Sciences” This study found that peroxide-rich plasma-activated water caused minimal morphological damage to hair, while nitrate-rich plasma-activated water induced significant damage, especially in porous hair types.
8 citations
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October 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that CLD-hFGF2 hydrogels improved healing in deep second-degree burn wounds more effectively than hydrogels alone or direct administration of CLD-hFGF2.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, researchers found that high-shine and straight-aligned hair are perceived as more youthful, healthy, and attractive by women across various countries, with alignment having a stronger impact than shine.
September 2024 in “Heliyon” In this study, researchers observed that even a single session of hair dyeing can damage hair fibers, with significant worsening of mechanical properties and protein composition after three or more consecutive treatments, emphasizing the need to consider the cumulative impacts of dyeing on hair health.
This study found that human hair exhibits significant deformation in its intermediate filaments under strain, with recovery taking about 1000 minutes, suggesting a self-healing period post-mechanical stress. Additionally, cuticle scales deform much less than the cortex, and the Poisson ratio aligns with soft matter properties.
51 citations
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January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identified a novel keratin-associated protein, KAP24.1, which is specifically expressed in the human scalp and located in the hair cuticle.
February 2026 in “Optics” This study demonstrates that polarized second harmonic generation imaging effectively monitors wool fiber stretching, revealing significant structural changes in keratin alignment that improve textile performance.
99 citations
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July 2005 in “Ultramicroscopy” This study analyzed the nanotribological properties of various hair types and human skin, revealing differences in friction and adhesion based on ethnicity and hair condition.
55 citations
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November 2010 in “Development” This study observed that in frizzled 6 null mice, initially uncorrelated hair follicle orientations develop into highly ordered patterns over time, suggesting possible mechanisms for biological structure patterning.
January 2025 in “Journal of Food Biochemistry” In this study, 2′‐Fucosyllactose (2′‐FL) administration significantly reduced hair loss and increased hair length and thickness in a testosterone-induced androgenic alopecia mouse model, suggesting potential as a therapeutic agent for AGA.
100 citations
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December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” This study identified a domain on human chromosome 21q22.1 containing various high glycine-tyrosine and high sulfur keratin-associated protein genes, revealing their diverse expression in hair-forming cells.
1 citations
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July 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” This article reviews the role of trichoscopy in diagnosing hair weathering conditions like trichorrhexis nodosa and trichoptilosis and suggests treatment by avoiding harmful chemical and physical factors, but it provides no new research findings.
71 citations
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August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This study revealed that human keratin-associated protein genes are expressed in specific patterns in hair fiber regions and vary in size, with some variations distinct across different populations.