January 2026 in “Open Science Framework” This study examines various methodological factors affecting hair cortisol concentration analysis, finding inconsistent results on the impact of factors like resuspension solution, hair weight, extraction duration, and hair-cutting method.
217 citations
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July 2009 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” This study found that hair cortisol levels were significantly higher in patients with Cushing's Syndrome compared to healthy controls, suggesting hair analysis can provide historical information on cortisol exposure.
237 citations
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September 2018 in “Clinical Biochemistry” Hair cortisol analysis can help diagnose stress-related conditions but needs more refinement for widespread use.
101 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This study validated a method for measuring cortisol levels in hair, which may serve as a biomarker for chronic stress in both humans and various animals.
47 citations
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January 2016 in “MethodsX” This study found that while the reproducibility of hair cortisol measurements in captive chimpanzees was high, the fineness of homogenized hair, sample weight, and extraction time influenced absolute cortisol concentrations.
44 citations
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June 2018 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This paper presents a culturally informed protocol designed to improve the collection of hair samples from African Americans for cortisol measurement, illustrating its application with community-based study data.
3 citations
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January 2012 This study concluded that human sweat contributes to hair cortisol concentrations, potentially affecting interpretations of chronic stress and OSA-related stress levels, with CPAP reducing psychological but not physiological stress after 3 months.
189 citations
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January 2014 in “Journal of Visualized Experiments” This study developed and validated a method for extracting cortisol from human and animal hair, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for assessing chronic stress exposure.
16 citations
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January 2021 in “Frontiers in veterinary science” This study found no significant difference in hair cortisol concentrations, a chronic stress indicator, between sows in farrowing crates and those in loose-housing systems.
8 citations
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October 2020 in “Infant behavior & development” This study found that sampling hair for cortisol analysis in mother-toddler dyads living in low-income U.S. homes is feasible, with 66% of approached dyads participating.
5 citations
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January 2021 in “PeerJ” This study observed that high levels of immunoreactive cortisol in the tail hair of captive Asian elephants were often associated with stressful or distinct behavioral events, suggesting its potential for reconstructing their physiological history.
July 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” In this study, hair glucocorticoid levels, including cortisol and cortisone, showed varied associations with psychosocial stress factors, influenced by covariates like sex, age, and individual behaviors.
November 2025 in “Contraception” This study suggests that using combined oral contraceptives does not increase hair glucocorticoid levels, but hair treatments should be considered as a confounder in stress biomarker assessments.
November 2025 in “Journal of Laboratory Medicine” This study found that cortisol levels, a biomarker of chronic stress, significantly increased in the post-COVID-19 lockdown period compared to pre-lockdown and during-lockdown periods, especially among females and young adults, reflecting sustained psychological stress from the pandemic.
January 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This preregistered analysis plan outlines the research questions and methods for a study on maternal hair cortisol and childhood experiences but reports no new data or results.
January 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study outlines its preregistered plan for analyzing maternal hair cortisol concentration during pregnancy and subsequent childhood outcomes due to adverse childhood experiences, detailing the research questions, hypotheses, and statistical methods, with results not yet reported.
March 2024 in “American journal of veterinary research” This study found that clippers are the safest and most efficient tool for collecting hair samples from companion dogs, with no impact on cortisol concentration compared to scissors.
September 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this review, researchers explored hair as a promising tool for identifying biomarkers in schizophrenia, highlighting its potential for supporting personalized medicine through ease of sampling, though acknowledging challenges like individual variability and methodological inconsistencies.
October 2008 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” This study found that unemployed individuals had higher hair cortisol content over a 6-month period, indicating greater cumulative cortisol exposure compared to employed individuals.
9 citations
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April 2025 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” This study found no consistent differences between the posterior vertex and occipital region for hair hormone analysis, but noted significant variations in specific hormone concentrations, highlighting the need for standardized sampling practices.
1 citations
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June 2024 in “Rehabilitation Medicine” This study found that higher levels of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) in hair before stroke onset were significantly associated with post-stroke depression and anxiety, suggesting they could serve as potential predictors for these mood disorders.
February 2026 in “Molecules” This study developed a sensitive method for analyzing nine biomarkers in hair, revealing an association between chronic tobacco smoke exposure and stress, highlighting its potential use in understanding the relationship between long-term tobacco exposure and chronic stress.
January 2026 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Self-collected hair samples can measure stress but may need adjustments for accuracy.
February 2017 in “Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature” Hair cortisol measurement is a promising, non-invasive tool for monitoring cortisol exposure over time.
38 citations
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September 2013 in “Therapeutic Drug Monitoring” This study found that increased hair cortisol levels among WIFN volunteers suggest higher chronic stress compared to those from a non-First Nation community, possibly linked to socioeconomic factors and poorer health.
3 citations
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October 2021 in “Clinica Chimica Acta” This study found that higher levels of dihydrotestosterone in the parietal region of the scalp may correlate with the clinical presentation of androgenetic alopecia.
February 2025 in “Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar” This in-silico study found that Finasteride interferes with neurotransmitters and may increase psychopathology when it decomposes into a carboxylic acid similar to Cortisol.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Skin hormone levels change significantly after menopause.
July 1998 in “Chromatographia” Women with effluvium have higher levels of certain urinary steroids, possibly due to stress and increased adrenal activity.
In this study, Diane treatment in women with androgenetic alopecia led to normalization of hormone levels and improved hair condition, including less greasiness and reduced hair loss.