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The Rotterdam Study updated its design and objectives in 2012, providing insights into various diseases in the elderly, including skin cancer, bone health, liver disease, neurological and psychiatric conditions, and respiratory issues.

The Rotterdam Study aims to understand various diseases in older adults.

Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.

Hair follicle stem cells are key for hair and skin regeneration, can be reprogrammed, and have potential therapeutic uses, but also carry a risk of cancer.

Early development of hair, teeth, and glands involves specific signaling pathways and cellular interactions.

Tight junctions are key for skin protection and controlling what gets absorbed or passes through the skin.

TGF-β is crucial for controlling stem cell behavior and changes in its signaling can lead to diseases like cancer.

The conclusion is that PCOS is caused by ovarian sensitivity to hormones and disrupted hormone control, possibly due to ovarian factors, and more research is needed.

Cepharanthine is a well-tolerated drug with multiple medical uses, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

Lignans and neolignans from plants may help protect against various health issues, including cancer and heart disease.

Hair, teeth, and mammary glands develop similarly at first but use different genes later.

UV radiation can help sterilize wounds and promote healing but requires careful use to avoid damaging cells.

Circadian rhythms are crucial for stem cell function and tissue repair, and understanding them may improve aging and regeneration treatments.

Certain types of T cells are essential for healthy skin and play a role in skin diseases, but more research is needed to improve treatments.

Follistatin helps hair growth and cycling, while activin prevents it.

Costunolide may have multiple health benefits, including promoting hair growth and protecting against cancer and diabetes, but more research is needed.

Hair grays due to oxidative stress and fewer functioning melanocytes.

Some treatments, like corticosteroids and sensitizing agents, can help with alopecia areata, but more high-quality research is needed.

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

Air pollution (PM10) increases skin inflammation and aging by reducing collagen and may trigger a repair response in skin cells.

Cyclosporine A may help treat hair loss by blocking a protein that inhibits hair growth.

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

Lamins are vital for cell survival, organ development, and preventing premature aging.

ZDHHC13 is important for normal liver function and metabolism, affecting mitochondrial activity.

Certain proteins, caspases-1 and -11, are important in the early development of skin inflammation in mice.

The article explains the genetic causes and symptoms of various hair disorders and highlights the need for more research to find treatments.

Researchers found 15 new genetic links to skin traits in Japanese women.

Activating Nrf2 protects human hair follicles from oxidative stress and helps prevent hair growth inhibition.

The document concludes that the skin's immune system is complex, involving interactions with hair follicles, nerves, and microbes, and can protect or cause disease, offering targets for new treatments.

Impaired androgen production in 46,XY DSDs causes ambiguous genitalia and requires long-term care.