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This study found that extracts from Clitorea ternatea and Citrus hystrix promoted human hair follicle growth in vitro, although high concentrations of Citrus hystrix extract inhibited growth.

This study reports that a 190,000 molecular weight protein, identified as trichohyalin, may play a matrix role in the development of inner root sheaths in hair follicles.

This study documents that trichohyalin acts as a multi-functional cross-bridging protein in the inner root sheath of mouse hair follicles, enhancing mechanical strength by linking keratin filaments to the cell envelope.

This study found that topical formulations including extracts from Cuscuta reflexa, Citrullus colocynthis, and Eclipta alba significantly accelerated hair growth initiation and completion in rats, indicating potential benefits for treating alopecia.

This review analyzes the traditional Iranian medicine uses of Citrullus colocynthis and compares them with modern phytotherapy findings, reporting no new clinical results but noting safety concerns and dosage considerations.

This study suggests that women with polycystic ovary syndrome may have a distinct metabolomic profile, differing in levels of amino acids, organic acids, and lipids compared to controls.

This study identified several herbs, including Ganoderma lucidum and Urtica dioica, that showed promising 5α-reductase inhibitory activity suggesting potential use in managing androgenic disorders.

In this study, petroleum ether extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit effectively promoted hair growth in a mouse model of androgen-induced alopecia, showing comparable results to the standard treatment, finasteride.

This study reports that miR-22 promotes cancer progression and metastasis by maintaining Wnt/β-catenin signaling and cancer stem cell function.

This study found that petroleum ether extracts of Citrullus colocynthis reduced hair growth initiation time and advanced more hair follicles to the anagen phase in albino rats compared to untreated controls and minoxidil.

This study found that a histochemical stain using 4-dimethyl-aminocinnamaldehyde effectively distinguishes between plucked anagen and telogen hairs by causing the root ends of anagen hairs to develop a red color.

This study observed that cell aggregates formed rapidly in cultures of rat hair follicle cells, with proteins showing hair cortical keratin but not synthesizing it as anticipated.

This review outlines how peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) and protein citrullination are involved in hair follicle regeneration and inflammatory alopecia, but presents no new clinical findings.

This study found that medullary cell content in mammal hair evolves from an amorphous form to a biphasic phase, with human and anthropoid hair containing both macrofibrils and microfibrils.

This article reports that mutations in the PADI3 gene, affecting its activity or localization, cause uncombable hair syndrome and are linked to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, particularly among women of African ancestry.

This review discusses the traditional uses and pharmacological activities of Citrullus colocynthis, also known as Bitter Apple, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that while complementary and alternative treatments for hair loss are becoming more popular, their effectiveness and mechanisms remain largely unverified.

Genetic factors, especially PADI3 gene variants, contribute to CCCA in women of African descent.

Changes in hair follicle structure may help diagnose and monitor alopecia.

This biographical abstract highlights George Rogers' pioneering contributions to the understanding of keratin molecular structure and keratinisation biochemistry, including the application of electron microscopy to hair ultrastructure and the discovery of enzymes and gene transcription processes relevant to keratin proteins.

Trichohyalin in hair can trigger immune attacks in alopecia areata.

This review discusses the complexity of identifying hair follicle antigens involved in alopecia areata and reports no new clinical results, emphasizing the need for further research on autoantigen identity.

This literature review found that combinations of certain herbal extracts with coconut oil, such as Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Centella asiatica, promoted hair growth in animals over 30 days, with varied results across rat and rabbit models.

This literature review found that combining coconut oil with various herbal extracts can promote hair growth in rats and rabbits, with different combinations producing varying hair length increases over 18 to 30 days.

Hair relaxers are linked to reduced cystine levels and potential hair damage.

This study identified novel isoforms of the PADI2 and PADI3 proteins, showing that PADI2β inhibits oligodendrocyte differentiation, possibly by opposing the effect of canonical PADI2, while PADI3β modulates the activity of PADI3α, suggesting new regulatory mechanisms of citrullination in tissue development.

Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.

In this study, introducing the rat OTC gene into spf-ash mice led to increased OTC activity and normalized hair growth and biochemical markers like urinary orotic acid and serum citrulline, partially correcting the symptoms of OTC deficiency.

This case report reviews the management of Rowell syndrome in a patient initially diagnosed with Rhupus syndrome and highlights their development of erythema multiforme after certain medications.

This review highlights the potential of valorizing citrus by-products, particularly hesperidin from orange peels, as sustainable ingredients in skincare for antiaging, pigmentation, wound healing, and UV damage protection, emphasizing hesperidin's role in a circular economy approach.