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The document concludes that the exact way alcohol causes harm to fetal development is unknown, but it significantly affects nutrient transport to the fetus and a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy is not determined.

Lichen planus is a skin condition that can resolve on its own, is linked to hepatitis C, and increases the risk of skin cancer.

Methotrexate treats various disorders by inhibiting DNA synthesis, but careful monitoring is needed to avoid toxicity and manage side effects.

Protoporphyrin IX is useful in cancer treatment but can cause health problems if not properly regulated.

Tempol is safe and may prevent hair loss from brain radiotherapy.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Women with PCOS are more than twice as likely to develop nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

People with PCOS, especially if obese, often have NAFLD, linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and high androgen levels.

Testosterone treatment in trans men increases body and facial hair and may lead to hair loss over time, but severe skin issues are rare.

New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.

Oral retinoids are effective for various skin conditions but have side effects and should not be used during pregnancy.

Hormonal treatments, including birth control and antiandrogens, can effectively treat acne in women.

Methotrexate reduced the need for steroids in asthma patients without worsening their condition.

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

Methotrexate is a key, cost-effective drug for skin conditions, but requires careful monitoring for side effects.

Zinc deficiency in children can cause skin issues and can be serious if not diagnosed and treated properly.

Shen-Min, a hair growth supplement, likely caused acute hepatitis in a woman, improving after she stopped taking it.

Minoxidil effectively treats severe hypertension, but watch for side effects.

Niosomes are promising for skin drug delivery, offering benefits like improved drug penetration and stability.

The document explains how the male reproductive system works, its role in making testosterone, and how conditions like obesity can disrupt it, leading to low testosterone and fertility issues.

Men with coeliac disease may have hormone imbalances that could affect sexual function, but these can improve with better gut health.

The intensive conventional diet with exercise led to better long-term weight loss and health improvements than the very low calorie diet in obese type 2 diabetics.

Tissue-resident memory T cells can protect against infections and cancer but may also contribute to autoimmune diseases.

Doctors need to be better prepared to assess and treat obesity in patients.

Androgen receptors are key for development and health, affecting conditions like prostate cancer and male pattern baldness.

COVID-19 may cause a temporary hair loss condition called telogen effluvium in some patients after recovery.

Products should be called 'sperm-safe' only after thorough, well-designed tests.

Stopping minoxidil treatment resumes balding; continuous use needed for results.

The document concludes that recognizing and properly diagnosing lipodystrophy syndromes is crucial for effective management and treatment.

Oral retinoids can cause side effects ranging from mild to severe, including birth defects, and require careful monitoring and contraception.