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Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Keratinocytes help heal skin wounds by interacting with immune cells and producing substances that kill pathogens.

Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.

Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene, linked to certain male health conditions, has a specific structure and low similarity to other related genes.

MicroRNA-302 helps improve the conversion of body cells into stem cells by blocking NR2F2.

Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in young foals, and effective vaccines are needed due to foals' weak immune responses.

Researchers found a new gene area linked to male-pattern baldness, which, along with another gene, significantly increases the risk of hair loss in men.

New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.

A genetic region near the PAX1 gene is linked to a higher risk of scoliosis in females.

Male pattern hair loss is genetic and influenced by hormones, with treatments like minoxidil and surgery available.

Both genes and environmental factors like chemicals may contribute to the increase in hypospadias, but the exact causes are still unclear.

The document concludes that proper diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial for managing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia effectively.

Hair loss in men treated best with early medication or transplant, new treatments researched.

Removing both Atr and Trp53 genes in adult mice causes severe tissue damage and death due to DNA damage.

Fatty acid transport protein 4 is essential for skin and hair development.

The EDAR gene greatly affects hair thickness in Asian populations.

The document concludes that early diagnosis and treatment of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia are crucial for preventing serious health issues and improving patient outcomes.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Six new genetic regions linked to early hair loss also connect to Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer, possibly leading to new treatments.

The article concludes that while we understand a lot about how melanocytes age and how this can prevent cancer, there are still unanswered questions about certain pathways and genes involved.

A new gene, JMJD1C, may affect testosterone levels in men.

Amenorrhea is relatively rare and initial testing should check FSH, TSH, and prolactin levels.

The human type II 5α-reductase gene has a specific structure important for understanding certain medical conditions.

Beta-sitosterol has potential health benefits but needs more research to fully understand its effects and improve its use in treatments.

Sphynx cats are hairless and Devon Rex cats have curly hair due to specific genetic mutations.

Four genetic risk spots found for hair loss, with WNT signaling involved and a link to curly hair.

Human hair follicle stem cells can turn into multiple cell types but lose some of this ability after being grown in the lab for a long time.

Hair keratin-associated proteins are essential for strong hair, with over 80 genes showing specific patterns and variations among people.

Maintaining DNA health in stem cells is key to preventing aging and tissue breakdown.