343 citations,
December 2008 in “Endocrine Reviews” Metformin helps with menstrual cycles and insulin levels in PCOS but is less effective for hair growth, diabetes prevention, and weight loss, and may improve fertility and reduce diabetes risk.
147 citations,
April 1990 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride safely lowers DHT levels without affecting testosterone.
92 citations,
November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
70 citations,
March 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Blocking a specific enzyme might help treat obesity and diabetes, but more research is needed to ensure it's safe.
61 citations,
January 2015 in “Hormones” Liraglutide caused significant weight loss in some obese women with PCOS, especially those with severe obesity and insulin resistance.
60 citations,
September 2001 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Insulin resistance contributes to hormone imbalances in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
58 citations,
January 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Obese women with PCOS show a male-like pattern in certain fat tissue gene expressions.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
44 citations,
April 2008 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with PCOS have similar levels of certain proteins compared to women without PCOS, and these proteins don't independently cause PCOS.
42 citations,
April 2011 in “European Journal of Dermatology” Early balding men may have insulin resistance, but lifestyle changes can help.
42 citations,
September 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The research found that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has two distinct types, with one having more severe hormone and insulin issues.
34 citations,
February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Many young Italian women have hyperandrogenic disorders like PCOS, which are linked to age, body weight, and insulin resistance.
32 citations,
November 2011 in “Reproductive Sciences” Brazilian women with PCOS and both menstrual irregularity and high male hormone levels have a higher chance of having metabolic syndrome.
30 citations,
November 2018 in “Fertility and Sterility” Young women with PCOS have a higher risk of high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome, but these risks may decrease after age 40.
28 citations,
October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
23 citations,
July 1993 in “Pharmacotherapy” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and baldness, but may cause limited urinary improvement and sex-related side effects.
22 citations,
January 1995 in “The American Journal of Medicine” Newer low-dose oral contraceptives with less androgenic effects improve patient compliance.
16 citations,
October 2007 in “Andrologia” DHT is a strong androgen that may pose less risk to the prostate compared to testosterone.
15 citations,
August 2021 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.
13 citations,
February 2020 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Men with hair loss have higher BMI, waist size, blood pressure, and are linked to smoking and inactivity.
13 citations,
September 2008 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” Young women with PCOS without additional risk factors may have normal heart function.
12 citations,
October 2004 in “Experimental Gerontology” Changes in testosterone and estrogen receptor genes can affect how men age, influencing body fat, hair patterns, and possibly leading to skin disorders.
11 citations,
April 2018 in “Nutrition Research” Chromium supplements don't help with weight loss or improve hormone and metabolism issues in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.
3 citations,
April 2019 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” Finasteride causes harmful organ changes in female mice.
2 citations,
November 2017 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is not linked to the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
1 citations,
July 2015 in “Cambridge University Press eBooks” Testosterone therapy can improve sexual function in women but long-term safety is unclear.
September 2012 in “African Journal of Urology” Testosterone replacement therapy improves libido, mood, muscle strength, and bone density in men with Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome.
September 2011 in “Clinical Biochemistry” Glycoconjugates help heal hair follicles during skin repair.
August 1996 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” The document concludes that PCOS in adolescents is complex and requires comprehensive care to manage its symptoms and associated health risks.
April 2017 in “European Psychiatry” An older woman had false beliefs after taking a depression medication, which stopped when she stopped the medication.