5 citations
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November 2003 in “PubMed” This study found that chemical and photochemical oxidative processes modify the main classes of proteins in hair, confirmed through microspectrophotometric, fluorescence microscopy, and electrophoretic methods.
June 2002 in “Science of aging knowledge environment” This study suggests that the oncogene c-Myc can induce DNA damage by increasing reactive oxygen species, potentially overriding p53 and contributing to genetic instability in cancer cells.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that UV radiation exposure during a simulated Brazilian summer caused more significant mechanical damage to natural hair than bleaching, although both caused comparable structural alterations, with double bleaching leading to the most severe protein degradation.
30 citations
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September 2018 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” In this study, researchers observed that cosmetic peroxide bleaching causes oxidative damage and protein loss in human hair, not only affecting the cuticle but also deeper cortical structures, correlating with bleaching severity.
10 citations
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March 2005 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that photochemical and cosmetic chemical oxidation of hair causes surface damage by delipidation and acid formation, which can be characterized and quantified using microfluorometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This research studied European human hair, finding that cysteic acid and protein carbonylation increased with both chemical and photochemical oxidation. Protein carbonylation was highlighted as a more sensitive marker for photochemical oxidation, providing better in situ visualization of hair damage than cysteic acid.
20 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of oleo science” This study found that both everyday physical and environmental stresses, as well as chemical treatments, contributed to hair damage, with cuticle layers being more noticeably affected.
February 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review highlights the complex role of scientific knowledge and professional expertise in safely performing chemical hair procedures, emphasizing the importance of education to prevent potential adverse effects like hair damage and scalp irritation.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This study examined how different hair dye processes affect hair structure at a molecular level, finding that oxidative dyes increase keratin porosity more than non-oxidative dyes, and highlighted emerging technology aimed at reducing hair damage while preserving color quality.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Science and Research Archive” This study reviews how different hair dyeing methods affect hair structure, showing oxidative dyes cause more structural damage than semi-permanent dyes, while new technologies aim to minimize harm while preserving color.
3 citations
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January 2020 in “Plastic and Aesthetic Research” This review discusses the fundamental hallmarks of aging as they relate to skin aging and highlights the prominent roles of oxidative damage and the extracellular matrix in photoaging, reporting no new results.
2 citations
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January 2022 in “Anais brasileiros de dermatologia/Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” This review discusses the effects of chemical hair straighteners and reports associated side effects like scalp inflammation and hair damage, noting the variability of findings and the need for further research.
March 2025 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” In this study, the researchers observed that ferulic acid and resveratrol effectively protected chemically treated hair from oxidative damage, particularly against protein loss and color degradation, but not cisteine oxydation prevention, and these antioxidants also offered protection against sun-induced damage when used in conditioners.
59 citations
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November 2015 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This review considers oxidative stress effects on hair aging and emphasizes the need for dermatologists to recognize and treat factors affecting scalp and hair health, but it provides no new clinical findings.
This study found that, compared to oxidative treatments, reductive perm-waving more severely impacts the intermediate filaments in European human hair, while both treatments alter denaturation kinetics in a first-order manner.
November 2025 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” In this study, researchers investigated how different hair dye processes affect hair structure, finding that oxidative dyes disrupt hair more than semi-permanent dyes, and emerging technologies could help maintain hair health while achieving desired color.
3 citations
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January 2004 in “Sen i Gakkaishi” This study found that adding dithiodiglycolic acid to the hair straightening process decreased chemical damage and preserved the structural integrity of the hair matrix compared to using thioglycolic acid alone.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study observed that hair properties vary by ethnicity, influenced by genetic, environmental, and cultural factors, and noted that ethnicity-dependent differences in surface charge and other properties warrant further investigation.
24 citations
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January 2009 in “International Journal of Trichology” This review discusses the mechanisms by which sunlight exposure aggravates hair aging and highlights the role of hair pigments in providing photochemical protection, reporting no new results.
7 citations
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January 2001 in “Comprehensive series in photosciences” This study found that UV stabilizers must diffuse uniformly and in high uptake levels throughout hair fibers during humidification cycles to effectively prevent photo-oxidative degradation.
May 2026 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that repeated exposure to ozonated water caused oxidative changes in hair proteins, lipids, and pigments, leading to altered hair properties, with minimal effects on shine and color.
October 2025 in “Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences” This source critically examines Bruce Ames's influential contributions to biochemistry, particularly his theories on oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage in aging, while acknowledging current challenges to his work and highlighting his lasting impact on the fields of mutagen screening and public health.
June 2017 in “University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)” This study compared the effects of three compounds on structural and sensory benefits for bleached hair when applied with or after bleaching, observing that their application may mitigate bleaching-induced damage.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Middle East Journal of Science” This review covers hair dye formulations, their mechanisms, and potential applications, but reports no new findings; the authors highlight the process of oxidative dyeing and repairing damaged hair.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This review summarizes recent pathological discoveries related to chemical leukoderma and chemical-induced vitiligo, especially focusing on rhododendrol, a chemical responsible for a significant outbreak affecting around 20,000 individuals in Japan and Asia.
84 citations
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April 2015 in “Cosmetics” This review discusses various types of hair dyes, their mechanisms of action, molecular structures, application methods, and formulation aspects, but reports no new research findings.
10 citations
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January 2015 in “Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This review examines treatments for chemotherapy-induced alopecia, reporting that combining mechanical and chemical interventions may offer some benefits, though the evidence is not yet definitive.
11 citations
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June 2024 in “Molecules” This review investigated the phytochemical variations in different medicinal parts of the plant *Alpinia zerumbet*, finding distinct chemical compositions between leaves, rhizomes, fruits, seeds, and flowers, which supports the traditional use of these parts for various medicinal purposes.
March 2024 in “Chinese Chemical Letters” In this study, researchers demonstrated that zero valence fluorescent gold nanoclusters can be biosynthesized in damaged skin and inhibit hair follicle regeneration by affecting the NFκB inflammatory response pathway, suggesting potential as a treatment for hypertrichosis related to skin injury.
215 citations
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March 2018 in “Archives of Toxicology” This study found that PM2.5 exposure induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes and mouse skin, causing cellular damage, which was mitigated by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine.