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Damaging mutations in NFKB2 cause a severe and distinct form of primary immunodeficiency with early-onset and often ACTH-deficiency.

Hedgehog pathway inhibitors can treat certain aggressive cancers but face limitations like resistance and side effects.

Stem cells and their exosomes show promise for repairing tissues and healing wounds when delivered effectively, but more research is needed on their tracking and optimal use.

The review shows that skin symptoms like chronic fungal infections, hair loss, and skin depigmentation are key for early detection and management of APECED.

Fissistigma oldhamii has compounds that help with pain, inflammation, and other health issues.

Baby teeth stem cells can potentially grow organs and treat diseases.

Gene therapy shows promise for healing chronic wounds but needs more research to overcome challenges.

Double-stranded RNA causes inflammation in hair follicle cells, which may help understand and treat alopecia areata.

Higher granulysin levels in the blood are linked to more severe hair loss in alopecia areata patients, and these levels decrease after effective treatment.

A mother and son both had ulcerative colitis and alopecia, suggesting a genetic link in autoimmune disorders and successful treatment with cyclosporine.

CD2 might be a new treatment target for patchy alopecia areata.

Any medication can cause skin reactions, some due to allergies and others due to dosage or genetic factors.

Teriflunomide helps reduce multiple sclerosis symptoms and is safe for most patients.

Alopecia areata is likely an autoimmune disease with unclear triggers, involving various immune cells and molecules, and currently has no cure.

Lichen planus is a skin condition that can resolve on its own, is linked to hepatitis C, and increases the risk of skin cancer.

The cause of alopecia areata is likely a mix of genetics, immune system issues, and environmental factors, with more research needed to understand it fully.

Skin reactions to drugs are common and can be deadly, usually requiring stopping the drug and may be better prevented with genetic testing in the future.

People with certain skin diseases have higher levels of the hormone prolactin in their blood.

Melanocytes produce melanin; their defects cause vitiligo and hair graying, with treatments available for vitiligo.

Innovative methods are reducing animal testing and improving biomedical research.

Vitiligo affects overall health and self-esteem, needing more research and awareness.

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is a severe skin condition often caused by drugs, with complex treatment and a high risk of death, but survivors usually heal without scars.

Antioxidants may help fight oxidative stress linked to autoimmune skin diseases.

Loss of keratin K2 causes skin problems and inflammation.

Liposomes show promise in cancer treatment by delivering drugs with less toxicity and improved effectiveness.

Melatonin-loaded nanocarriers improve melatonin delivery and effectiveness for various medical treatments.

New protein changes may be involved in the immune attack on hair follicles in alopecia areata.

Immunomodulatory therapies are effective for treating cutaneous lymphoma, particularly in early stages.

Caffeine improves hair growth, thickness, and reduces shedding.

New treatments for vitiligo may focus on protecting melanocyte stem cells from stress and targeting specific pathways involved in the condition.