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In this case report, an 8-year-old boy's crusted scalp lesions and alopecia initially mimicking kerion were ultimately diagnosed as Pre-B acute lymphocytic leukemia after histopathological evaluation revealed leukemia cutis.

This article proposes that alopecia areata may be caused by immune attacks on hair follicles after an immune privilege collapse, suggesting new therapeutic approaches targeting this immune response pattern.

This review discusses emerging research areas in alopecia areata pathobiology, highlighting the potential roles of unconventional immune cells and the need for more targeted therapeutic strategies, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that UV exposure in human skin induces IL-10 production by macrophages, while Langerhans cells are depleted and their IL-12 production is downregulated.

This manuscript reviews the latest understanding of alopecia areata's pathogenesis, highlighting the roles of genetic, immunological, and environmental factors, with a focus on immune responses involving IFN-γ and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells as key contributors to hair follicle inflammation and function disruption without follicle destruction.

The study investigated immune cell patterns around the hair follicle infundibulum in androgenetic alopecia, revealing significant differences in immune signatures between patients with AGA and control donors, specifically noting an enrichment of CD4 cells in the patient group.

This review discusses immune privilege in anagen hair follicles and its collapse in alopecia areata, emphasizing the importance of restoring this function for effective management and disease relapse prevention.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

This paper explores the complex immune processes and cellular diversity that enable the skin to heal and resist invasion, and highlights its potential as a model for studying regeneration.

Developing human skin has immune cells with memory-like features.

This study found that patients with RASopathies have lower serum IgA and CD8 levels compared to controls, indicating a potential risk for developing autoimmune disorders.

This review examines the dysregulation of innate immune barriers in the early stages of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls for further research on the role of the hair follicle and immune responses, but reports no new results.

This review analyzed literature on primary cutaneous lymphomas involving the scalp, finding that scalp involvement in these cases often leads to non-scarring focal alopecia and may indicate more aggressive disease.

Kv1.3 blockers may help treat alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.

This review discusses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of immune privilege collapse in hair follicles but reports no clinical results.

This study indicates that innate lymphoid cells-type 1 may provoke alopecia areata by disrupting hair follicle immune privilege and inducing characteristic lesions, challenging the view that alopecia areata is purely an autoantigen-dependent, T cell-driven condition.

This study found that ILC1-like cells can induce alopecia areata symptoms in both ex vivo human hair follicles and in vivo mouse models, challenging the view that alopecia areata is solely CD8+ T cell-driven.

In this study, researchers developed a self-assembling hydrogel called RADA-PDGF2 and found it to accelerate wound closure in a mouse model due to its pro-proliferative and pro-migratory properties, without causing cytotoxicity or immunogenicity.

This study highlights that while hair follicle cycling is primarily influenced by growth factors like IGF-1 and Wnt signals, the role of cytokines in normal human hair growth and cycling is less understood.

This report discusses the Ninth World Congress for Hair Research and highlights the potential of hair follicle studies to advance understanding of various diseases, with no new clinical results presented.

This review discusses recent advances in the understanding of alopecia areata, focusing on immunity and genetics, and presents potential targets for therapy without reporting new clinical results.

This study found that thymus transplantation in infants with FOXN1 deficiency led to T-cell reconstitution and functional immunity, resolving serious infections and cytopenias.

This study found that obesity in women may impair endometrial stromal function and contribute to reproductive complications, possibly due to metabolic influences rather than immune cell differences.

This study observed that pantethine, a vitamin B5 precursor, attenuates tumor growth in immunocompetent mice by enhancing antitumor immunity, but its effect is limited by immune cell exhaustion over time.

This review discusses the preclinical and clinical data on teriflunomide for multiple sclerosis, highlighting its selective action on immune cells without causing clinical immune suppression, and provides no new clinical results.

This study describes a functional disorder in the ovary, known as stromal hyperplasia, characterized by the proliferation of ovarian stroma and luteinization of stromal cells, which is linked to excessive androgen production and elevated testosterone levels.

This study concluded that leucocyte-rich PRP has a continuous stimulatory effect on human fibroblast cells, enhancing their proliferation, migration, and impacting gene expression of the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules.

This review reports that Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis) possesses bidirectional immunoregulatory effects, enhancing immune cell proliferation and function, and may benefit immune-related diseases such as cancer and anemia. It also evaluates regulatory and safety aspects, aiming to guide future research and clinical use.

This study observed that patients with isolated neutropenia exhibit significant differences in certain lymphocyte and monocyte subtypes compared to healthy controls, including higher neutrophil/lymphocyte MFI ratios and lower percentages of natural killer cells.

This case report describes a 10-month-old boy with VACTERL association and athymia who developed Omenn syndrome, highlighting the complex overlap of these conditions and the challenging clinical course due to profound T-cell immunodeficiency.