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This study found that mouse skin CD4(+) memory T cells are in equilibrium with the circulation under steady state but increase in specific clusters in response to infection or inflammation.

CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.

This study observed that PD-1+CXCR5-CD4+T peripheral helper cells are significantly elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and are correlated with disease activity indicators, suggesting their potential role in lupus pathogenesis.

This study found that B6.CD80CD86−/− mice developed autoimmune-like alopecia with nearly 100% incidence by 40 weeks, making them a promising model for studying human alopecia areata.

In this animal study, researchers discovered that CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata can induce the disease more efficiently than those from unaffected mice, likely by supporting CD8 T cell activation and hair follicle attack.

This study found that astilbin downregulates effector CD4+ T cell activities through the CYP1B1/ROS/PPARγ pathway, suggesting its potential use in treating inflammation.

In this study, researchers found that CD4 T cells from the skin draining lymph nodes of mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, highlighting the key role of these cells and their interaction with CD8 T cells in the disease's development.

This study found that CD1a-restricted CD4+ T cells responsive to lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol were more frequent in the blood of atopic dermatitis patients, suggesting a potential role in the disease's Th2-mediated pathology.

IL-27 may help prevent hair loss by creating immune-suppressing cells.

In this study, researchers demonstrated that CD4 T cells from skin-draining lymph nodes in mice with alopecia areata can transfer the disease to recipient mice, revealing a critical role for CD4 T cells in disease development and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

In this study, researchers found that patients with alopecia areata had a significant increase in NKG2D+CD4+ T cell levels in their blood compared to healthy controls.

This study found that IL-7 is crucial for the survival of memory regulatory T cells in the skin of mice, whereas IL-2 is essential for their initial generation but not for their maintenance.

This study describes a new mouse model for vitiligo that mimics key clinical features such as skin depigmentation and CD8 + T cell infiltration, providing a useful tool for in-depth research and drug discovery.

This review explores the role of regulatory T cells in autoimmune skin disorders like alopecia areata and vitiligo, emphasizing unanswered questions and reporting no new experimental results.

This study found that thymus transplantation in athymic mice resulted in T-cell-driven hair follicle depigmentation and loss, without multiorgan autoimmune disease, highlighting mechanisms of tissue-specific tolerance.

This study identified "HTLV-1-associated lichenoid dermatitis" as a skin condition in HTLV-1-infected individuals, characterized by reactive eruptions associated with increased immunity toward infected CD4+ T cells.

Enhancing regulatory T cells may help treat autoimmune diseases like alopecia areata.

This study suggests that allogenic human mesenchymal stem cell treatments have potential therapeutic effects by inducing immune tolerance and anti-inflammatory effects in severe alopecia areata patients.

This study observed that dandruff-affected scalp skin has increased T-cell infiltration in the epidermis and a reduction in the hair follicle's physiological immune privilege, particularly in the suprabulbar outer root sheath area, indicating a distinct immune microenvironment compared to healthy scalp.

Expanding regulatory T cells may help treat alopecia areata by reducing harmful immune cells.

This research suggests that hair follicle-derived cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 are crucial for maintaining resident memory T cells in the skin, which may be relevant for diseases like cutaneous T cell lymphoma.

This study found that during wound healing, hair follicle stem cells develop an immune modulatory ability to create a protective immune suppressive niche, facilitating their survival and function amidst inflammation.

This case study suggests that autoimmunity involving cytotoxic CD8+ T cells may link alopecia areata and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1-associated myelopathy in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma patients.

People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.

This study found a significant reduction in Treg cell frequency in alopecia areata compared to other autoimmune and non-autoimmune skin diseases using immunohistochemical staining.

This case report describes alopecia universalis-like hair loss occurring in two patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma, providing clinical, dermoscopic, and pathologic features to help differentiate it from alopecia areata universalis.

Increased Treg cells and IL-10 may help quick recovery in acute diffuse and total alopecia.

This review discusses the role of regulatory T cells in skin, including their impact on hair follicle regeneration, wound healing, and immune tolerance, without presenting new clinical findings.

This study found that T-regulatory cells, specifically the FOXP3 CD39 subset, were significantly reduced in both circulation and hair follicles of alopecia areata patients compared to healthy subjects, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that patients with Alopecia areata in Iraq had significantly higher levels of CD4+, CD39+, and FOXP3+ Treg cells in their blood compared to healthy controls.