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This mathematical model of alopecia areata illustrates how inflammatory autoimmune responses interrupt the anagen phase of hair growth, and may help evaluate treatments and identify new therapeutic targets.

This review discusses the role and mechanisms of unconventional lymphocytes in promoting tissue repair and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity in the skin, gut, and lungs, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses the complex role of immune disturbances and the JAK-STAT pathway in alopecia areata, noting the success of JAK inhibitors in treatment, while highlighting ongoing debates and challenges in targeting other pathways like IL-17 and TNF-α.

This review discusses the association between emotional stress-related neuropeptides and the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, reporting no new experimental findings.

This study reported that the anti-γc antibody hC2 restored hair follicle homeostasis and suppressed hair loss in an AA-like mouse model by inhibiting autoreactive T-cell activity, suggesting that hC2 may offer a safer and more effective treatment for alopecia areata compared to current Jak inhibitors.

This narrative review highlights the shared immunopathogenesis of alopecia areata and atopic dermatitis and discusses approved and investigational therapies that target common pathways, suggesting a future for personalized treatment strategies.

In a DNFB-induced mouse model of atopic dermatitis, this study found that both topical and oral formulations of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis J12 improved AD symptoms through distinct mechanisms, with topical applications reducing local inflammation and oral administration enhancing gut microbiota and reducing systemic inflammation.

This study found that acute stress can cause rapid hair loss by triggering necrosis in hair follicle cells and initiating autoimmunity, revealing a mechanism where stress-induced nerve activity leads to tissue damage and immune system activation.

In this study, researchers found that a cold atmospheric plasma-activated hydrogel containing interleukin-2 significantly enhanced hair regeneration in a depilated mouse model, promoting larger hair follicles and faster hair growth phase transition, suggesting it as a potential treatment for hair loss.

In this study using a mouse model, RIPK1 inhibitors were found to delay the onset of alopecia areata, reduce immune cell numbers in affected skin, and increase hair length, indicating a potential therapeutic role in preventing alopecia areata.

This study found that pediatric alopecia areata patients with atopic predisposition showed heightened immune and inflammatory responses, including significant immune cell infiltration, compared to adults and healthy controls.

ITK inhibitors may effectively treat alopecia areata.

This study found that canine pemphigus foliaceus skin lesions exhibit a distinct immune signature, with upregulated pro-inflammatory and Th17-related genes, showing similarities to human pemphigus. Further research using advanced sequencing is needed to better understand the disease's pathogenesis.

This study found that ILC1-like cells can induce alopecia areata symptoms in both ex vivo human hair follicles and in vivo mouse models, challenging the view that alopecia areata is solely CD8+ T cell-driven.

This study found that blocking LFA-1 signaling completely prevented the development of alopecia areata in C3H/HeJ mice, suggesting that LFA-1 plays a crucial role in the disease's pathogenesis and could be a target for new therapies.

This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.

This article proposes that alopecia areata may be caused by immune attacks on hair follicles after an immune privilege collapse, suggesting new therapeutic approaches targeting this immune response pattern.

JAK inhibitors and platelet-rich plasma show promise for treating alopecia areata.

Kv1.3 blockers may help treat alopecia areata and promote hair regrowth.

Harris et al. describe a new mouse model for vitiligo, where interfollicular melanocytes are retained and melanocyte-targeting immune responses are simulated, aiding the development of immunomodulatory therapies.

This report details a case study where a 40-year-old woman experienced allergic contact dermatitis and angioedema-like symptoms after using PPD-containing hair dye. Patch testing confirmed a positive reaction to PPD, highlighting the substance's potential to cause both T-cell and IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions.

This study describes a form of lymphocytic mural folliculitis in tigers causing hair loss, concluding it may represent a nonspecific hypersensitivity reaction distinct from T-cell lymphoma.

In this study, selective inhibition of JAK3 signaling effectively prevented and reversed alopecia areata in a mouse model, while JAK2 inhibitors did not restore hair growth.

This study observed significant differences in immune cell infiltration and gene expression across different skin sites, with the back displaying higher tolerance-promoting immune mechanisms, which may enhance epicutaneous immunotherapy outcomes.

Alopecia areata is complex, with genetic and immune factors, and animal models are key for future treatment research.

This review discusses mechanisms of wound healing impairment in leptin-deficient murine models used for diabetic research, and reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for further study.

This review analyzes the interplay between atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, suggesting that epidermal barrier dysfunction and genetic predispositions exacerbate both conditions through immune responses.

This study demonstrated that the immunomodulatory drug FTY720 may enhance the survival of allogeneic fat grafts in mice by reducing immune rejection and improving neovascularization.

This review discusses folliculotropic mycosis fungoides, highlighting its diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies based on disease staging, but does not report new clinical findings.

This meta-analysis suggests that combining Kang-ai injection with platinum-based chemotherapy may improve tumor response, performance status, immune functions, and reduce adverse reactions in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.