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    Glossary CD39

    enzyme that regulates immune responses by breaking down ATP and ADP

    CD39, also known as Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (ENTPD1), is an enzyme found on the surface of certain cells, including immune cells. It plays a crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune responses by breaking down ATP and ADP, which are molecules that can signal danger or damage in the body. This helps to control the activity of immune cells and maintain tissue homeostasis.

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    Research 30 of 88

    1. Alopecia areata patients show deficiency of FOXP3+CD39+ T regulatory cells and clonotypic restriction of Treg TCRβ-chain, which highlights the immunopathological aspect of the disease PloS one · 2019 · 30 citations
    2. Evaluation of CD4+, CD39+, FOXP3+Tregulatory cells in Iraqi Alopecia areata patients by ELISA Journal of pharmaceutical negative results · 2022
    3. Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next? Frontiers in Immunology · 2017 · 130 citations
    4. INVESTIGATING THE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE PATHOGENESIS OF ALOPECIA AREATA White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · 2018
    5. Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration Frontiers in Immunology · 2018 · 188 citations
    6. Historical and Current Adenosine Receptor Agonists in Preclinical and Clinical Development Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · 2019 · 142 citations
    7. Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels Nature Communications · 2019 · 40 citations
    8. Lack of Collagen VI Promotes Wound-Induced Hair Growth Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2015 · 32 citations
    9. Autoimmune thyroid disease and human health: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 4 citations
    10. Integrated single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of peripheral immune cells in patients with alopecia areata Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 4 citations
    11. Adenosine Promotes Human Hair Growth and Inhibits Catagen Transition In Vitro: Role of the Outer Root Sheath Keratinocytes Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2019 · 3 citations
    12. Regenerative potential of CD200- subpopulations of hair follicle bulge Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · 2026
    13. Hair follicle immune privilege in autoimmune and immune-mediated alopecias: paths toward reestablishing immune tolerance Frontiers in Medicine · 2026
    14. Alopecia areata: from immunopathogenesis to emerging therapeutic approaches Frontiers in Immunology · 2025
    15. Mendelian Randomization Identifies CD25+ CD4+ Tregs and Plasma Proteins in Androgenetic Alopecia Pathogenesis Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2025
    16. Alopecia Areata in Underrepresented Groups: Preliminary Analysis of the All of Us Research Program Research Square (Research Square) · 2023
    17. Biotin Is Required for the Zinc Homeostasis in the Skin Nutrients · 2019 · 6 citations
    18. Low-Dose IL-2 for Treating Moderate to Severe Alopecia Areata: A 52-Week Multicenter Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study Assessing its Impact on T Regulatory Cell and NK Cell Populations 2020 · 22 citations
    19. Regulatory T‐cells in alopecia areata Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2019 · 21 citations
    20. Towards cell-based therapy of alopecia areata: Autologous human Vδ2+ Foxp3+ γδTreg cells restore hair-follicle immune privilege and promote hair regrowth in human alopecia areata models ex vivo and in vivo Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2026
    21. 183 PD-1 regulatory network is upregulated in contact immunotherapy during alopecia areata treatment Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023
    22. Platelet-Rich Plasma: New Performance Understandings and Therapeutic Considerations in 2020 International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020 · 848 citations
    23. Fibroblasts: Origins, definitions, and functions in health and disease Cell · 2021 · 488 citations
    24. Spatial and Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Functionally Distinct Human Dermal Fibroblast Subpopulations Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018 · 418 citations
    25. Wnt/β-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · 2022 · 318 citations
    26. Scars or Regeneration?—Dermal Fibroblasts as Drivers of Diverse Skin Wound Responses International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2020 · 123 citations
    27. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: The link with metabolism Journal of Advanced Research · 2022 · 83 citations
    28. Fibroblasts – the cellular choreographers of wound healing Frontiers in Immunology · 2023 · 74 citations
    29. Local heroes or villains: tissue-resident memory T cells in human health and disease 2020 · 67 citations
    30. Conserved γδ T cell selection by BTNL proteins limits progression of human inflammatory bowel disease Science · 2023 · 60 citations