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In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Antiandrogens like flutamide are effective in treating conditions like prostate cancer and hair loss, but there's a need for more potent versions. Understanding their structure can help develop better treatments.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

COVID-19 and hypopituitarism (reduced pituitary gland function) are linked, with the latter's related health issues potentially worsening COVID-19 outcomes, and COVID-19 possibly increasing risk for pituitary complications.

Certain extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and germacrone can boost the skin's absorption of minoxidil, a hair growth promoter, making it more effective.

Scientists created MUSIi010-A, a stem cell line from a balding man's scalp, to study hair loss and develop potential treatments.

Blood tests can help understand the genetic differences in people with alopecia areata, including how severe it is and if it's inherited.

Many people experience hair loss after weight loss surgery, especially younger women, and it's linked to lower levels of zinc, folic acid, and ferritin.

Blocking 5α-reductase can harm memory and brain structure, and increase harmful brain changes in male mice used for Alzheimer's disease research.

Some drugs can cause serious side effects like heart issues and nervous system problems, but certain drugs for Parkinson's and overactive bladder may be safer, though they still have some common side effects.

Society's pressure to have children later in life favors genes that increase the risk of early baldness in male offspring.

Polycystic ovarian shape is a genetic sign of PCOS and its hormonal and metabolic features can be inherited.

Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.

To diagnose Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, two out of three signs—irregular periods, high male hormone levels, or cysts on the ovaries—are needed.

New therapies for Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome are being developed based on understanding the FLCN gene's role.

Androgens like testosterone are important hormones for both men and women, made differently in each sex and affecting the body by regulating genes and quick interactions with cell components.

Type I interferons play a key role in the development of various skin diseases.

People with myotonic dystrophy type 1 have a higher chance of getting skin tumors, including melanoma.

Platelet-rich plasma may improve healing and hair growth in cosmetic surgery but results vary.

Some people experienced hair loss after COVID-19 vaccination, but it's very rare and vaccines' benefits are greater than this risk.

Chamomile extract can protect hair from damage caused by light.

Most adrenal cortex tumors are benign and non-secreting, but proper diagnosis and treatment are important due to the rare possibility of cancer.

There's a significant link between the severity of Seborrheic Dermatitis and the pattern of hair loss in people with a family history of hair loss.

Early diagnosis and individualized treatment improve outcomes for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.

ΔNp63α helps control a protein that stops cancer cells from spreading.

The S250C variant in a gene may cause autoimmunity and immunodeficiency by impairing protein function.

Younger mice's hair-follicle stem cells are better at turning into heart cells than older mice's.

The alexandrite laser effectively reduces unwanted hair by about 75%.

Dutasteride successfully treated a woman's hair loss when other treatments failed.

Autoimmune diseases cause the immune system to attack the body, and management varies as some are curable and others are not.