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New findings suggest targeting IL-23 could treat psoriasis, skin cells can adapt to new roles, direct conversion of skin cells to blood cells may aid cell therapy, removing certain tumor cells could boost cancer immunotherapy, and melanoma may have many tumorigenic cells, not just cancer stem cells.

Treating generalized granuloma annulare is difficult, with PUVA being the most effective option, but relapses are common.

Two patients had a rare combination of red skin spots and white scaly skin lesions not on the genitals.

Smoking doubles the risk of blindness, and physical exercise helps dyslexic children read better.

The foreword introduces a medical issue discussing male hormonal health, treatments, and the effects of conditions like obesity and aging.

Alexander the Great's engineers built a causeway using a natural sand bridge, some tiger moths avoid bats by mimicking toxic relatives' sounds, early metabolism and RNA enzymes support the ancient RNA world theory, and vitamin D is crucial for hair growth and its absence can cause baldness.

Some aggressive scalp cancers are hard to treat and can be deadly, even when removed with specialized surgery.

Newer retinoid drugs are effective for skin conditions but have significant side effects.

Cortisone may help hair regrow by altering the local environment, with regrowth starting 3-4 weeks after treatment, but its use is not widely recommended.

Early greying and male pattern baldness can predict heart disease in young Asian men.

The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.

Experts agree that PCOS affects women's health in complex ways, but more research is needed to understand and treat it effectively.

The Rotterdam Study investigates diseases in older adults and has produced many research findings.

Managing metabolic syndrome needs both lifestyle changes and medical treatments.

The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.

COVID-19 leaves 80% of patients with long-term symptoms like fatigue and headaches.

The document concludes that better targeted treatments are needed for wound healing, and single-cell technologies may improve cell-based therapies.

MicroRNAs are crucial in controlling cell signaling, affecting cancer and tissue regeneration.

Low-level Laser Therapy may help reduce inflammation, pain, and aid healing, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness and establish standard treatment guidelines.

Finasteride effectively treats BPH but may increase sexual dysfunction risk.

Women with PCOS should be screened for heart disease risk and manage their health to prevent it.

The secretions of mesenchymal stem cells could be used for healing without using the cells themselves.

Chemotherapy in the first trimester of pregnancy is risky, but in the second and third trimesters, it's generally safe with careful drug selection and timing.

Changing the environment around stem cells could help tissue repair, but it's hard to be precise and avoid side effects.

The document concludes that non-binary individuals need compassionate support and recognition in healthcare, without being pathologized.

The enzyme steroid sulfatase is linked to breast cancer and other conditions, and inhibitors are being developed for treatment.

Anabolic steroids can build muscle and strength but have risks and need more research on their clinical benefits and side effects.

Polycystic ovary syndrome costs the U.S. over $4 billion a year, mainly from treating related health issues.

Obesity affects skin health, causing conditions like acanthosis nigricans and may require different treatment approaches.

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a prohormone important for producing sex steroids and has potential health benefits.