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Cytokeratin 19 and cytokeratin 15 are key markers for monitoring the quality and self-renewing potential of engineered skin.

SOX9 helps determine stem cell roles by interacting with DNA and proteins that control gene activity.

Testosterone may influence COVID-19 severity and outcomes.

Male hormones like testosterone may make COVID-19 worse, and testing for sensitivity to these hormones could help predict how severe a patient's symptoms might be. Treatments that reduce these hormones are being explored.

Infrared radiation can cause skin aging and cancer at high temperatures but may have therapeutic benefits at controlled levels.

The document concludes that careful history and physical exams are crucial for accurately diagnosing polycystic ovary syndrome and distinguishing it from other similar conditions.

Not having enough or having too much of the protein Grainyhead-like 3 leads to various developmental problems.

Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.

Obesity is linked to various skin problems and may increase the risk of skin cancer.

Testing for CAG repeat polymorphism in the androgen receptor gene is not currently recommended for managing hypogonadism.

Grape seed extract is good for skin care, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects.

KIF18B is important for correctly positioning cell division machinery in skin cells, affecting hair follicle development.

Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.

Misbehaving hair follicle stem cells can cause hair loss and offer new treatment options.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.

Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.

Clinicians should understand tattoos to manage health issues, as tattoos can cause complications and affect medical assessments.

NcoA4 may have roles beyond helping control gene activity, possibly affecting cell behavior and stability.

Researchers discovered potential origins and new treatments for skin cancer, including biomarkers for melanoma and therapies that reduce tumor growth.

Breast cancer treatments work better with AR activation, improving results and reducing side effects.

The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms, regulating periods, and reducing health risks, with specific medications for fertility and metabolic issues.

Kangfuxin (KFX) extract speeds up wound healing and improves skin regeneration.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for postmenopausal women for a few years, but more research is needed for long-term effects.

Inactive hair follicle stem cells help prevent skin cancer.

The 2003 consensus updated PCOS diagnosis criteria and highlighted increased risks of diabetes and heart disease for those affected.

Molecular diagnostics help identify genetic defects causing endocrine diseases, improving diagnosis and treatment options.

The length of the CAG repeat in the androgen receptor gene affects the risk and progression of prostate cancer, BPH, infertility, and undermasculinized genitalia.

Human skin responds to light with protective mechanisms, but more research is needed to understand these processes and their implications for health and therapy.

Researchers found a new way to isolate sweat glands from the scalp for study and culture.

Vitamin D receptor may help protect against UV-induced skin cancer.