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This review addresses the effects of testosterone on brain development and examines both the established sex differences in brain functions and the debate surrounding structural dimorphism in neuropsychiatric conditions.

This review examines how genetic variants associated with polycystic ovary syndrome affect reproductive success differently in men and women, supporting the theory that intralocus sexual conflict may explain its persistence.

This review discusses sexual side effects in men with androgenic alopecia treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors and reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the use of various treatments for alopecia and their potential impact on COVID-19 outcomes, emphasizing the importance of patient registries in generating real-world evidence; it reports no new results.

This study concluded that among men with normal testosterone levels, a small increase in serum dihydrotestosterone may reduce symptoms of hypogonadism, suggesting its potential diagnostic use after ruling out hypogonadism.

This review discusses the contribution of non-androgen causes to acne and female pattern hair loss in PCOS and emphasizes the need for targeted treatment approaches without relying on hyperandrogenism as a diagnostic marker.

This study concluded that adding a topical agent to intense pulsed light therapy significantly improved hair reduction and patient satisfaction in Pakistani women with idiopathic facial hirsutism compared to light therapy alone, without increasing adverse effects.

This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and possible genetic and environmental influences of polycystic ovary syndrome but provides no new research findings.

This review discusses the role of androgens in the progression of cardiovascular disease and explores novel therapeutic targets without reporting new clinical results.

This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and treatment approaches for PCOS, highlighting the importance of considering metabolic issues such as insulin resistance and obesity, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses the epidemiology, causes, diagnosis, and management of hirsutism in women, noting that effective treatment requires addressing the root cause as well as the hair growth.

This review discusses the roles of androgens and estrogens in skin functions and disorders, and highlights the use of estrogen-progestin treatments and anti-androgens in managing hirsutism and acne, without reporting new results.

Genetic variation in the androgen receptor gene mainly causes early-onset hair loss, with maternal inheritance playing a key role.

This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing that a systematic evaluation can determine its cause, while combination therapy effectively manages the condition for most patients.

This review discusses how Western diet may contribute to acne vulgaris through insulin signaling and metabolomic changes, promoting a dietary approach for management, but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the roles of androgens and androgen receptors in skin-related disorders and suggests that targeting androgen receptors may be a more effective treatment strategy.

This review explores the hormonal regulation of hair growth and changes with season, age, and sexual development, and calls for improved treatments for hair disorders.

This meta-analysis found that lower serum SHBG levels are associated with an increased risk of PCOS, and improving SHBG levels through treatment may reduce PCOS complications.

This review discusses the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of female pattern hair loss, reporting no new research findings.

This article discusses the potential link between genetic variants associated with androgen receptor activity and racial variations in COVID-19 mortality, suggesting a possible role for anti-androgens in treatment, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the characteristics and classification of SAHA syndrome and its relationship with other conditions, without presenting new clinical findings.

This review discusses recent advancements in understanding hair follicles, their disorders, and potential therapeutic opportunities, but it reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, decreased expression of BMP2 and ephrin A3 and increased NT-4 gene expression were observed in dermal papilla cells from androgenic alopecia-affected skin, suggesting potential roles in hair growth regulation.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.

This review discusses genetic factors contributing to susceptibility and outcomes in COVID-19, including ACE, ACE2, TMPRSS2 variants, HLA genotype, and ABO blood group, but reports no new experimental results.

This review found evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of topical minoxidil for treating female pattern hair loss, though many included studies were at high risk of bias.

This article discusses various causes of hyperandrogenism in women and highlights diagnostic considerations for conditions such as PCOS, NCCAH, Cushing's disease, and androgen-secreting tumors, without reporting new clinical results.

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

This review examines medical literature on postfinasteride syndrome and reports no new results; the authors call for more controlled studies on permanent sexual dysfunction and mood changes linked to 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors.