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This review discusses gender identity disorder in Japan, highlighting the high prevalence and challenges in accessing appropriate treatment, and calls for wider understanding among medical professionals.

This book discusses various unanswered questions about headaches, including genetic factors, smartphone effects, and botulinum toxin's potential benefits for chronic migraines, but reports no new clinical findings.

This article reviews the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and possible genetic and environmental influences of polycystic ovary syndrome but provides no new research findings.

This review discusses the role of androgens in the progression of cardiovascular disease and explores novel therapeutic targets without reporting new clinical results.

This paper reviews the diagnostic criteria, etiological factors, and treatment approaches for PCOS, highlighting the importance of considering metabolic issues such as insulin resistance and obesity, but reports no new findings.

This review discusses the epidemiology, causes, diagnosis, and management of hirsutism in women, noting that effective treatment requires addressing the root cause as well as the hair growth.

This review discusses the diagnosis and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing that a systematic evaluation can determine its cause, while combination therapy effectively manages the condition for most patients.

This review discusses how Western diet may contribute to acne vulgaris through insulin signaling and metabolomic changes, promoting a dietary approach for management, but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses sex-based differences in immune responses, focusing on genetic, hormonal, and microbiome factors influencing infections like COVID-19, and reports no clinical results.

This review discusses the roles of androgens and androgen receptors in skin-related disorders and suggests that targeting androgen receptors may be a more effective treatment strategy.

This review explores the hormonal regulation of hair growth and changes with season, age, and sexual development, and calls for improved treatments for hair disorders.

This review discusses the clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological aspects of female pattern hair loss, reporting no new research findings.

This study found that three genetic loci, including the newly identified JMJD1C, are associated with circulating testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels, explaining a small portion of their variance in European men.

This article discusses treatment approaches for female pattern hair loss and concludes that available medical treatments are effective in reversing or stabilizing the condition in most cases of mild-to-moderate severity.

This review discusses the multifactorial origins and pathophysiology of PCOS and highlights the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications as a first-line intervention, reporting no new research results.

This article discusses the association between hypertension and polycystic ovary syndrome, highlighting the need for managing related risk factors, but reports no new clinical results.

This study suggests that the AGA risk haplotype in Europeans was driven to high frequency by positive selection, likely associated with a variant in the EDA2R gene.

This study identified a distinct gene near the hairless locus on chromosome 8p that is responsible for hereditary Marie Unna type hypotrichosis in a German family.

This review found evidence supporting the effectiveness and safety of topical minoxidil for treating female pattern hair loss, though many included studies were at high risk of bias.

This mini-review discusses the role of androgens, specifically testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, in the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and reports no new results.

This review addresses the effects of testosterone on brain development and examines both the established sex differences in brain functions and the debate surrounding structural dimorphism in neuropsychiatric conditions.

This study found that early-onset baldness in African-American men is associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer and more aggressive tumors, with potential interactions involving age and smoking.

This review discusses potential treatments for androgen excess in polycystic ovary syndrome and reports no new findings, emphasizing the importance of individualized antiandrogenic management to minimize side effects.

The Androgen Receptor could be a target for treating diseases like cancer, but more research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of potential treatments.

This study identified proteins that are differentially expressed in balding versus non-balding dermal papilla cells, potentially aiding the understanding and treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

This review summarizes current understanding and genetic insights into androgenetic alopecia, female pattern hair loss, and alopecia areata, noting the potential future role of molecular diagnostics, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review explores the evaluation and treatment of hirsutism, emphasizing a systematic approach to uncovering its causes and recommending combination therapies for effective management, but presents no new results.

This review discusses the structure, functions, and growth cycle of human hair, emphasizing its reduced growth and protective roles, and reports no new research findings.

This review discusses the early developmental origin of premature adrenarche and polycystic ovary syndrome and highlights potential utero-based mechanisms, reporting no new clinical findings.

This review discusses how COVID-19 may affect gonadal function and potential gender differences, but reports no clinical results; it highlights possible mechanisms and new treatment approaches from recent literature.